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正确看待音乐“独家版权”:净化产业环境 推动作品创新

2017-08-25 18:06:16   中国经济网

《2017中国网络版权产业发展报告》显示,2016年中国网络音乐产业行业规模突破150亿元,比2006年增加了10倍。中国音乐产业规模的扩大、收入的增长,与国家版权局采取的一系列规范措施密不可分,也与各数字音乐平台对独家版权的购买和分销、建立起各自的版权库,并在此基础上打造出多元的商业模式密切相关。

但关于“独家版权”的概念,目前有舆论存在误区,认为独家就是独占,构建起的版权壁垒会阻碍市场发展。关于这一问题,今年《光明日报》在二版显著位置以《独家版权是推动音乐正版化良药》为题撰文称:独家版权与自由传播虽然表面上相互对立,但实则相互促进。

文章中说,独家版权有利于净化产业环境,培养公众付费意识。正因为与平台独家的版权合作,让音乐在版权上有了“主人”、有了关注,也有了今天的价值体现。各平台对自家作品维权,有力促进了有关部门对音乐版权的高度重视,推动了《关于责令网络音乐服务商停止未经授权传播音乐作品的通知》等一系列重要文件的出台,有力净化了版权环境,维护了合法版权持有者的应得利益。因作品下线造成用户无法聆听的“不便”,也成为唤醒用户音乐版权意识的契机。

独家版权有利于提高内容收益,推动作品创新。几年前,网络音乐发展与盛行在很大程度上破坏了产业精品生态环境,盗版的猖狂和市场的无序严重制约了内容公司的资金循环,十几年持续探底的产值走向令产业人才大幅流失,音乐精品出现断层。独家版权的合作方式成为唱片公司扭转发展颓势的福音,独家版权的授权收益成为各大内容公司的主要盈利来源,为公司投入内容创新、打造精品提供了必要的储备资金。近两年产业的飞速发展,证实了独家版权对中国音乐产业的适用和助力。近90%数字音乐营收占比让中国成为数字音乐大国,流媒体年度30.6%的增长成绩再次让中国成为世界瞩目的焦点和效仿的对象。

中国音乐市场面临的许多问题也是世界音乐产业的共同挑战。现在,作为音乐产业第一大国,美国仍在探索建立“全国音乐大数据库平台”的解决方案;欧盟正在推进帮助音乐创作主体缩减价值差的法案请求。各国都希望在流媒体时代探索合理科学的酬劳机制,开启良性的生态循环。对中国而言,即便传播是音乐社会属性的终极目标,当下建立用户对音乐的尊重,培养用户的付费习惯,是我们需要解决的源头问题。

华纳音乐中国数字音乐总监贾斯汀也在一次产业论坛中表示,“独家”其实是“独家代理”或“总代理”,即不管哪家音乐平台签了“独家”,唱片公司都会要求做分销,更多的还会进行转授权。独家授权并没有影响优质资源的网上传播,反而在某种程度上促使传播范围更加广泛。新的商业模式既支持了正版音乐市场,又让音乐人同时获得多个平台的粉丝、推广渠道,达到“传播”和“收入”的共赢局面。正是有了“独家”,所以更显出了共享的可贵。

用户是音乐产业循环的起点,是消费主体,也是音乐传播循环的终点,是审美主体。独家版权并不是目的,而是驱动音乐正版化、维护市场秩序的重要策略,是培养用户付费意识、建立付费习惯的有效手段。有了循环起点的用户付费和资金积累,才能有今后的优秀作品、优质服务、公平分配和良性传播,最终才能实现用户可持续发展的良性审美体验。(赵三石)

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