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王巍的“独门竹器”

2017-08-25 04:36:10   中国青年网

陈钰

走进王巍先生的家,悬挂在客厅的竹刻映入眼帘,上面雕刻着“昔黄帝令伶伦作律,伶伦于大夏之西,乃之阮隃之阴,取竹于嶰溪之谷,以生空窍厚钧者,断两节间,其长三寸九分而吹之”字样。据王巍介绍,这段文字是最早有关用竹子制作乐器的记载。

王巍的家宛若一个小型的竹乐器博物馆——藏品来自世界各地,形状各异,多达数千件。

产自广西南丹的扎绒是王巍的得意藏品之一。扎绒声音自然空灵,是广西白裤瑶族的代表乐器,其最大的特点是在竹器上直接剔出表皮为弦,这样剔出来的弦叫作本体弦,有独特的共鸣效果。扎绒是通过敲弦发声,进行演奏。历史上,这种乐器一直仅限于在当地流传,外界很少有人知晓,现在面临失传的危险。为此,王巍几次奔赴南丹,并录制下了制作扎绒的珍贵视频。

在王巍的收藏品中,还有一件制作于1988年的脚夹鼻笛。人们普遍认为笛子是用嘴吹的,但是海南省黎族的鼻笛却是用鼻子吹奏的,是黎族最具特点的民间古老管乐器。脚夹鼻笛之所以得名,是因为鼻笛的管身太长,下端需用脚夹住吹奏。王巍收藏的这件脚夹鼻笛是国家级非遗传承人、鼻笛演奏家黄照安先生亲手制作并转赠给他的。鼻笛上面精心雕刻着细密的花纹,原本应该是翠绿的表皮,随着时间的沉淀,渐渐变成了圆润的淡黄色。王巍拿着鼻笛不无感叹地说:“他这是把最好的东西给我了啊!”

为了得到新奇的竹乐器,王巍多次到马来西亚、印度尼西亚、韩国搜集。他精心收藏的一套安格隆乐器便是从印度尼西亚带回来的。安格隆是印度尼西亚的一种古老民族乐器,是利用竹筒和竹棍的相互碰撞而发音的。安格隆的下部是一根横放的竹筒,在竹筒面上开有几个长方形的洞,在每个洞中都插入一个上端修削成半圆形的竹筒,它被固定在框架上,下端修削成两根可以活动的竹棍。当演奏者摇动框架时,竹棍就与竹筒互相碰撞而发出“格隆、格隆”的声音。连续摇动时音色颤动,宛如流动不息的潺潺溪水,十分悦耳。

竹乐器中也有做工简单的。一个用细长的竹片编织成的大竹箩,另外再撒上一把黄豆就成了一件独特的竹乐器。通过摇动箩里的黄豆,就能发出“沙沙”下雨的声音,生动逼真。还有一种能够模仿打雷的竹乐器——“雷筒”。其制作方法是用一节中空的竹筒,一端用皮膜覆住,并在皮膜上接上一段弹簧,一个简易的“雷筒”就做好了。通过摇动竹筒带动弹簧来触动皮膜,就能发出低沉的“轰轰隆”的声音,酷似打雷。这类原生态的乐器还有很多,王巍信手拿起桌边的鸭哨和竹蝉演奏起来,风声、雨声、雷声、蝉鸣的声音混合成天然的竹林音乐。

为了推广竹乐器,王巍将家中的藏品搬到国家大剧院,举办了一场以“绿韵”为主题的展览,将国内外各地的竹乐器聚集一堂,200余件展品不仅种类多样,而且不乏非遗项目、专利项目,其中有世界最大和最小的竹笛、仅一根弦的独弦琴、低音格隆布、高温烧制成的竹炭琴等,令观众大开眼界。

王巍与印尼竹乐器制作师交流

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