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新教材如何回答“吕叔湘之问”(人民时评)

2017-08-25 04:21:19   中国青年网

期待翻开新课本的孩子们,能够在教学改革的新风中爱上中国文化、培养伴随一生的读书乐趣

临近开学,有关新教材的讨论格外引人注目。从9月1日起,全国数百万就读于起始年级的小学生和初中生将开始使用“教育部编义务教育语文教科书”,现行的“人教版” “粤教版” “苏教版”等版本教材将逐步被取代,德育、历史和语文3个科目最终将实行统编。

各方声音,尤以对语文教材的关注和讨论最多。如将原来小学一年级新生先学拼音、再学汉字的方式改为先进行汉字教学,一个月后再识拼音的方式是否是对以往语文教学的颠覆,选文篇目的变化以及古诗文比重大幅增加是出于怎样的考虑等。

对于教材的普遍关注,折射出的正是社会对于教育手段科学性的高度期待。而对于编写教材的人来说,选用什么篇目,既要兼顾经典性、可读性,还要考虑文体、篇幅、深浅,是否适合特定年级教学的需要;既要着眼于语文素养的提升,又要贯穿“立德树人”的总体要求,还要考虑如何激发学生的兴趣,润物无声地融入语言教育、情感教育、审美教育,最后还要留给教师发挥的空间。教材绝不是简单的美文汇编,每一次改编,都无异于对全社会教育理念的一次冲刷。

一年级语文教学拼音和识字孰先孰后的问题,看似只是顺序的先后,实则是汉语拼音教学在整个语文教学体系中的位置效能问题。调查发现,以前孩子从学前班到小学,立即学拼音难度大,容易损伤孩子对于语文学习的兴趣。新教材开篇是“天、地、人、你 我、他”,接着是“金、木、水、火、土”,目的就是要孩子们建立对汉字的原初感觉,“第一印象”不是字母abc,而是汉字“天地人”,其背后的深意在于,把汉语、汉字摆回到第一位,强调拼音只是辅助学汉字的工具,而非目的,进一步激发孩子们对于认字读书的兴趣。

新教材的课文选篇中保留了以往多版教材当中的经典课文,尚未沉淀的“时文”相对减少。同时,增加了传统文化的篇目,小学一年级开始就有古诗文,整个小学6个年级12册共选优秀古诗文124篇,占所有选篇的30%,比原有人教版增加55篇,增幅达80%。体裁也更加多样,从《诗经》到清代的诗文,从古风、民歌、律诗、绝句到词曲,从诸子散文到历史散文,均有收录。有什么样的教材,就有什么样的国民,兼顾时代性的同时偏重经典和传统,旨在让学生在义务教育阶段就打好底子,奠定对学习传统文化的兴趣。

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