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天然气“盘子”大了价格才能降

2017-08-25 04:16:40   中国青年网

近日举办的2017年能源大转型高层论坛发布了《中国天然气发展报告(2017)》。报告显示,2016年中国天然气表观消费量为2058亿立方米(不含向港澳供气),同比增加6.6%,增速超过2015年。天然气在一次能源消费结构中占比6.4%。2016年,我国用气人口首次突破3亿人。2016年,国内天然气产量1369亿立方米,同比增加1.7%。中国进口天然气721亿立方米,占总消费量的35%。

国家能源局局长努尔·白克力表示,从中国的资源禀赋来讲,“煤老大”地位在相当长一段时期内不可撼动,走好煤炭清洁高效利用之路十分重要。与此同时,天然气是我国实现主体能源绿色低碳更替的重要基础。加快推动天然气发展,是我国能源结构优化调整的战略举措和现实选择。

国务院发展研究中心主任李伟表示,全球能源转型加速,向绿色低碳转型,是未来全球能源发展的大趋势。作为世界上最大的能源消费国和生产国,近年来我国在煤炭、煤电等传统能源领域的去产能,光伏、风电等新能源的发展,以及化石能源清洁利用等方面取得了显著的成效,中国已经成为全球能源转型的引领者之一。

不过,我国能源转型和天然气发展,仍需要解决一些深层次的矛盾和问题。李伟认为,一是煤炭产能总体过剩问题并未从根本上解决,去产能仍将是未来一个时期煤炭行业发展的主线。二是电力需求增速放缓,与新能源发电装机较快增长的矛盾凸显,解决弃风、弃电、弃水的问题需要有新的政策和运行机制设计。三是天然气作为清洁能源的发展,仍然受到价格太贵的影响。

此外,由于部分省份天然气管道、城镇燃气配气管网等中间环节过多,拦截收费,强制服务,层层加价,导致终端用户没有得到改革红利。可以说,与我国推动能源生产和消费革命的战略要求相比,天然气发展还有巨大的空间和潜力。2016年我国天然气在一次能源消费结构中占比增至6.4%,同期世界范围内这一数值为24.1%。

国家能源局石油天然气司副司长李英华表示,把天然气发展成为我国主体能源的关键是做大天然气市场的“盘子”,才能进一步降低价格。目前,我国天然气利用的“最后一公里”建设存在短板。发布《加快推进天然气利用的意见》,就是要着力通过扩大天然气的利用,通过做大市场,摊薄固定费用,降低成本。打通天然气使用“最后一公里”,应该宜管则管,宜罐则罐,要采用管道气压缩天然气和液化等多种方式,使得“最后一公里”得到更好更快解决。同时,要实施城镇燃气工程,推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖和大气污染防治,重点地区煤改气,快速提高城镇居民燃气供应水平,要实施天然气发电工程,大力发展天然气分布式能源,鼓励发展天然气调峰电站,有序发展天然气热电联产,推动天然气与新能源的融合发展。

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