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棉花增产或拖累棉纱价格

2017-08-24 09:51:49   中国经济网

业内期待多年的棉纱期货终于在8月18日上市。从上市后的成交走势来看,市场比较理性,价格波动不大,运行比较平稳。

新棉增长明显

今年新疆地区增产非常明显。据笔者调研,北疆地区新棉生长情况有三个特点:一是种植面积增长明显。其中,地方种植面积大幅增长,部分地区增长幅度达30%;兵团种植面积比较稳定,仅小幅增长。二是单产大幅提升。各地单产均出现明显提升,多地反映籽棉单产达到400公斤/亩。三是质量提升明显。例如,农八师反映其今年的“双29”皮棉在90%以上。

中国棉花信息网认为2017/2018年度我国棉花产量将达到516万吨,相比2016/2017年度的469万吨增加47万吨。整个国际市场棉花产量增长也非常明显,按USDA最新的8月供需平衡表,2017/2018年度全球产量较上年度增加236万吨,相比而言,全球消费仅增加了82万吨。

国储棉市场日前成交火爆,每日成交近3万吨,本年度储备棉出库量有望超出310万吨,按此数据计算,年终期末库存会相当大,叠加新年度全球增产,笔者认为后期棉花价格将下行,带动棉纱市场走弱。

纺织行业景气度回升

随着宏观经济回暖,今年以来,纺织行业景气度出现一定程度的回升。内需方面,2017年1—6月,服装类零售总额5063.2亿元,同比增长6.8%,增速同比降低0.1个百分点,较一季度回升1.4个百分点;2017年上半年,全国百家重点大型零售企业零售额累计同比增长3.1%,增速同比提升了6.3个百分点。外需方面,2017年1—6月,我国纺织服装累计出口1240.53亿美元,同比增长0.6%,恢复正增长。其中,纺织品累计出口531.2亿美元,同比增长2.2%,上年同期同比下降1.7%;服装累计出口709.33亿美元,同比下降0.5%,降幅同比收窄4.9个百分点。

虽然棉纱价格一直不温不火,但竞争对手化纤和粘胶短纤价格均出现比较明显的涨幅,产品供不应求,库存明显减少,这也从侧面印证了纺织行业的复苏。笔者认为,这种复苏会逐步传导至棉纱市场,从而提升棉纱需求,对纱价形成正面影响。

交割尚存不确定性

一般情况下,生产一吨普梳32S棉纱,需要1.08吨棉花,加工费在5800元/吨。据此计算,23000元/吨的棉纱,对应的棉花成本是15925元/吨,和目前的3128B指数非常接近。但用什么样的棉花才能生产出满足交割要求的棉纱,其最低成本是多少,目前纺织企业还没有清晰的概念。据纺织企业表示,郑商所设置的交割标准中,单纱断裂强度要求为15CN/TEX,此要求超出现货市场的普遍标准,对加工用的棉花强力要求较高,使得生产成本上升。

由于终端市场对棉纱的需求多种多样,符合标准仓单质量的棉纱不见得就能够顺利销售,这会让交割双方都存在顾虑。对卖方而言,如果按照仓单标准生产的棉纱,一旦不能够生成仓单,将面临不能销售的情况,存在一定的风险,除非期货市场给出较大的安全空间,否则企业不敢贸然尝试。对买方而言,如果最后进行仓单交割,接到的棉纱仓单销售会比较困难,因此必须有较大的贴水才敢进行买入交割。

综上所述,笔者不看好后市的棉花价格,虽然整个纺织业在复苏,但因为棉纱价格和棉花价格相关性高达0.95,因此棉纱价格也将走弱。从套利方面分析,建议买入棉纱、卖出棉花。从交割的角度看,目前市场双方都没有必胜的把握,宜谨慎行事。

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