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对农村“三变”改革的几点思考

2017-08-21 07:22:31   中国青年网

杜宁让

在农村开展资源变资产、资金变股金、农民变股东“三变”改革,是新形势下深化农村改革的有益探索和实践,是同步实现全面小康的一个重要举措。当前最为关键的是如何去推动“三变”改革落地生根、抓实见效。

突出政府主导作用,正确把握改革方向。“三变”改革,是转变当前“三农”发展模式的一项新改革,对于长期以来以“自给自足”“分散经营”式农业经营模式为主的甘肃农村发展实际而言,要积极推进,就必须由政府主导推动。“三变”改革中,基层政府应加强对“三变”改革的研究引导和全程监督管理,从制度上为“三变”改革把好方向。应统筹做好项目选择、产业规划、资源配置、资金整合、政策保障等方面的支持,确保农民增收势头不逆转,农村稳定不出问题。采取“政府主导、整合资源、综合设置”的办法,构建县、乡(镇)、村三级农村产权综合交易平台和服务体系,完善交易规则和流程,保障农村产权依法自愿公开公正有序交易,确保产权交易规范透明运行。改革要顺应市场经济规律,积极推行市场化运作方式,通过市场契约将农业生产中的土地、资金、劳动力等要素资源进行合理配置。

发展多种经营形式,积极培育改革主体。党的十八届三中全会和2017年的中央一号文件均指出,要把加快构建新型农业经营体系,大力培育新型农业经营主体和服务主体,作为推动农业、农村发展的主攻方向,促进多种形式的规模经营发展。推进“三变”改革,培育选准经营主体是关键,经营的成功与否,直接关系农户参与“三变”的权益能否得到持续有效保障。要通过多种方式,积极培育经营主体。一是壮大一批。引导现有的农业合作组织和农业产业化龙头企业通过品牌嫁接、资本运作、产业延伸等方式,组成大企业、大公司、大集团,延长服务链条,作为“三变”改革的先锋。二是新建一批。积极支持村级组织和本镇本村外出务工人员、产业带头人、致富能人大户、返乡创业大学生等领办创办生产型、加工型、商贸型、物流型、乡村旅游型等经营主体,让农民群众从情感上接受“三变”、参与“三变”。三是引进一批。根据国家产业政策和自身资源禀赋,包装一批“三变”发展项目,通过PPP模式和招商引资,引进一批规模大、实力强、市场竞争优势明显的农业龙头企业参与“三变”改革。

充分发挥特色优势,着力丰富改革内涵。农村的可变资源除承包土地等固定资产和房屋、建设用地、基础设施等可经营性资产的使用权外,还有旅游、山地等自然性资源资产和技术技艺、民俗文化等无形资源资产,应将“三变”改革与推进农业供给侧结构性改革结合起来,与特色产业发展、小城镇建设、小康村建设、美丽乡村建设、生态旅游、易地扶贫搬迁等紧密结合起来,突出当地的特色资源优势,深入推进“三变+特色产业”“三变+山地旅游”“三变+特色文化”“三变+商贸服务”等新路径,拓展丰富“三变”改革的领域、内容和形式,走符合本地实际的“三变”改革路子。

发挥农民主体作用,着力夯实改革基础。推进“三变”改革,农民作为参与者和受益者,是实实在在的主角,但大多数农民群众“靠天吃饭、以土为本”的思想根深蒂固,对改革谨小慎微,唯恐在生产革新中受损,特别是贫困户大多偏好于“输血式”扶贫,对入股的“造血式”扶贫接受较慢。在推进“三变”改革过程中,要坚持“试点先行、先易后难、循序渐进”的原则,第一,要强化培训。分层次、分阶段开展“三变”专题座谈、异地观摩学习等培训,让农民群众了解“三变”的内容和现实意义。第二,要典型示范。注重发挥致富能手、种养大户等能人懂技术、会管理、善开拓、敢创新的作用,让少部分人先参与到“三变”改革中,通过看得见、摸得着的效果,典型引路、示范带动,引导其他农民群众积极参与“三变”改革,以“点”带“面”推动“盆景”变“风景”。同时,在发展基础好的村进行先行先试,通过培育“三变”典型村,促进整个区域“三变”改革。第三,要底线保障。由政府层面建立农民权益保底保障机制,消除农民参与改革的“后顾之忧”。

(作者系中共皋兰县县委副书记、皋兰县县长)

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