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生物质供热有望成清洁供暖“生力军”

2017-08-21 06:12:38   中国青年网

生物质供热具有绿色低碳环保的特点,是治理县域燃煤污染的有效途径,也是发达国家普遍推广的措施。虽然前景看好,处于起步阶段的生物质能供热仍面临政策、标准、产业体系等方面的问题。《关于开展生物质热电联产县域清洁供热示范项目建设的通知》的发布将为生物质供热进一步探路,生物质供热有望成为清洁供暖的“生力军”

近日,国家能源局发布《关于开展生物质热电联产县域清洁供热示范项目建设的通知》,要求于9月15日前组织申报生物质热电联产县域清洁供热示范项目,并对示范新建项目优先核准,保障示范项目享受各地清洁供热支持政策,建成后优先获得国家可再生能源发电补贴。专家表示,综合来看,生物质供热有望成为清洁供暖的“生力军”,市场潜力巨大。

推进北方地区冬季清洁取暖,关系北方地区广大群众温暖过冬,关系雾霾天能不能减少,是能源生产和消费革命、农村生活方式革命的重要内容。但受经济发展水平、居民分布密集程度、地区用电负荷等因素影响,部分城市周边、城乡接合部、农村等地区尚不能实现集中供暖,还大量使用分散燃煤小锅炉、小火炉等取暖,这种取暖方式往往使用价格便宜但硫分较高的散烧煤,取暖效果差,且大气污染物排放总量巨大。

生物质供热具有绿色低碳环保的特点,是治理县域燃煤污染的有效途径,也是发达国家普遍推广的措施。欧洲生物质协会发布的2016年度统计报告显示,用于电力和热能的可再生能源的份额在短短10年间增加了近1倍,部分原因是由于生物能源的强劲扩张,广泛用于热电联产电厂、城市集中供热厂和现代家居炉所致。

据了解,我国生物质供热主要以生物质成型燃料锅炉供热为主,利用方式为成型燃料直接燃烧产生热量。2014年以来,国家能源局采用试点和示范的方式,积极推进生物质成型燃料供热规模化、产业化发展。2015年在试点的基础上,组织了生物质成型燃料锅炉供热示范项目建设。目前,我国已形成100个以生物质能供热为主的县级城镇,生物质成型燃料年利用量约800万吨。

“随着环境压力加大,清洁能源需求不可阻挡,生物质供热面临大好形势。”国家发展改革委能源研究所原所长周凤起表示,我国生物质成型燃料供热技术和运作模式基本成熟,成型燃料的专用锅炉等装备制造已经具备规模化,形成了一批有实力的龙头企业,污染物排放控制也比较好,有了替代煤炭供热的可能。

对于生物质供热的前景,吉林宏日新能源股份有限公司董事长洪浩认为,首先,我国生物质能资源非常丰富,而当前使用量还不到10%;其次,我国供热市场足够大;此外,单纯的供热正转向热电联产,特别是工业园区的供热已经呈现出多联产的方式,能源的利用效率更高、经济性会更好。

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