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距今6.5亿年古生物分子化石现身

2017-08-20 08:06:27   中国经济网

科技日报北京8月17日电 (记者房琳琳)据澳大利亚国立大学(ANU)官网17日消息,该校科研团队在澳大利亚中部古代沉积岩中找到了距今6.5亿年的古代生物分子化石,并据此认为此前的“雪球地球”时期与更复杂的生命演化有关。研究成果发表在最新一期的《自然》杂志上。

消息称,该校地球科学研究学院的科学家将古代沉积岩粉碎成粉末,并从中提取出古代生物分子。“在6.5亿年前,地球生态系统发生了历史上最深刻的一场革命——藻类开始兴起。”副教授乔臣·布鲁克博士解释说,如果没有这场生态革命,一切动物包括人类都不会出现。

布鲁克说,生态革命前,地球被冰冻了5000万年,那时候的地球,被称为“雪球地球”,此后,巨大的冰川将山脉冲击粉碎,山脉释放出其蕴含的营养物质。当极端全球变暖发生时,雪山融化的河流,将裹挟其中的营养物质冲入海洋。

如此一来,海洋中的营养物质含量极高,而当全球气温降低到恰到好处的水平时,藻类的快速繁殖传播也就成为可能。他说,正是从那时起,以菌类为主的海洋开始演化为更复杂多样的生命世界。“食物链底部庞大而富有营养的生物,提供了复杂生态系统演变所需的能量,因此,包括人类在内的复杂动物才得以在地球上繁衍生息。”

古沉积岩中分子化石的现身,一方面佐证了“雪球地球”的假说;另一方面也让研究人员意识到,他们的发现确有突破性——“雪球地球”直接参与了复杂生命的演化进程。

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