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人民币汇率,稳住了吗?(热点聚焦)

2017-08-21 05:21:27   中国青年网

制图:李姿阅

全国金融工作会议提出,要深化人民币汇率形成机制改革,稳步推进人民币国际化。人民币汇率的波动,牵动着不少人的心。今年以来,人民币汇率出现了小幅回升。那么,为何会出现回升?未来稳定上升是否成定局?今后人民币汇率将如何变动?本报记者进行了一番调查。

小幅回升有啥原因?

汇率升值受益于向好的经济基本面,还有赖于中间价报价模型引入逆周期调节因子,适度对冲了市场情绪的顺周期波动

“每学期学费是3万美元,上次交学费还是在今年1月,当时人民币汇率是6.87左右,花了近21万元人民币。这次换汇时是6.79左右,差不多省了2400元。”在美国读大学的赵小婷对记者说,去年底看到人民币汇率下跌,她很担忧,每隔几天都会看一次走势,如今的变化让她放心了不少。虽然人民币汇率仅仅是小幅上涨,但也可以省下不少钱。

人民币汇率为何会出现小幅回升?

“今年5月中旬以来,人民币相对美元出现一波非常明显的升值,其中一个重要原因,是人民币对美元汇率中间价报价模型引入了‘逆周期调节因子’。”中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所国际金融研究室副主任肖立晟认为,引入逆周期调节因子前,外汇市场上持续了较长时间的贬值预期,人民币对美元汇率中间价形成机制出现了“非对称贬值”的缺陷,即当美元指数上升时,人民币对美元贬值,在美元指数下降时,人民币没有对美元指数升值。美元指数波动造成了人民币易贬难升。今年上半年,在美元指数从103点贬值到95点时,一部分投资者预计下半年美元指数可能反弹,一旦反弹,人民币汇率可能贬值。基于此预期,很多贸易商将手中的美元存放在离岸市场,结汇的贸易商不多,在岸市场上美元供不应求,导致人民币汇率有一定的贬值压力。

此前,中国外汇交易中心自律机制汇率工作组发布公告称,引入逆周期调节因子主要是为了适度对冲市场情绪的顺周期波动,缓解外汇市场可能存在的“羊群效应”。逆周期调节因子根据宏观经济等基本面变化动态调整,有利于引导市场在汇率形成中更多关注宏观经济等基本面情况,使中间价报价更充分地反映我国经济运行等基本面因素,更真实地体现外汇供求和一篮子货币汇率变化。

“引入逆周期调节因子后,一部分贸易商认为,这是释放了稳定汇率并让汇率双向波动的信号。他们把手中的美元转到境内结汇,结汇时在岸市场美元供过于求,推升人民币汇率压低了美元汇率。”肖立晟说。

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