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创新公共文化服务供给方式(热点辨析)
2017-08-20 05:16:22 中国青年网
2015年,国务院办公厅转发的《关于在公共服务领域推广政府和社会资本合作模式的指导意见》,将政府与社会资本合作模式(以下简称“PPP模式”)推广应用到公共文化服务领域,以推动公共文化服务从政府供给向合作供给、从单一投入向多元投入转变。公共文化服务PPP模式是一项重要的理论创新和实践创新。当前,亟须澄清模糊认识、克服不良倾向,引导公共文化服务PPP模式健康发展。为此,应准确把握公共文化服务的特征,明确政府和社会资本双方的责任,重点处理好公益性与经营性、均衡化与个性化、普遍服务与提高效率三对关系。
处理好公益性与经营性的关系。公共文化服务是公共服务的重要组成部分。公共服务的公益属性决定公共文化服务必须将公共利益置于首位,而不能以盈利为主要目的。然而,在PPP模式的实际运行中,受经济利益驱动,社会资本往往对公共文化服务的公益性缺乏足够重视,在提供公共文化服务时表现出较为明显的营利化倾向。如何处理好公益性与经营性的关系,保证公益性的主体地位,约束社会资本过度的营利行为,是亟须解决的问题。为此,应慎重选择合作伙伴,重点考察其对公共文化服务的理解认识以及诚信状况、资质条件、经营实力等。同时,将项目的公益性体现在政府与社会资本合作关系责任中,细化在合同文本上。
处理好均衡化与个性化的关系。公共文化服务着眼于满足社会成员的公共文化需求,应在区域空间、社群之间以及社会个体之间尽可能实现均衡的文化资源配置,尽力做到公平公正。目前,我国公共文化服务PPP模式主要应用于市场化程度较高、经济较为发达的中东部城市地区。这些地区对公共文化服务的个性化需求较强,但在个别领域出现了个性化文化服务规模盲目扩张、布局失衡的现象。因此,在PPP模式应用过程中,应注意克服市场配置资源的盲目性,处理好均衡化与个性化的关系。公共文化服务项目应做到规模适度、布局均衡,避免在某些领域盲目扩张和重复投资建设。大力培育贴近群众基本文化需求、提升公民文化素养的文化服务项目,既努力满足个性化文化需求,更努力满足大众基本公共文化需求。
处理好普遍服务与提高效率的关系。在公共文化服务领域应用PPP模式,是要增加公共文化服务供给主体,扩大公共文化服务覆盖面,提高公共文化服务能力。可以说,做好公共文化服务是对参与PPP模式的社会资本的基本要求,也是其必须履行的责任和义务。但从实施情况看,一些社会资本没有处理好公共服务与提高效率的关系,为提高自身效率随意缩减服务项目和服务人群范围,导致服务质量不同程度地下降。因此,相关管理部门在推动实施公共文化服务PPP模式时,应注重引导社会资本正确处理普遍服务和提高效率的关系。一方面,通过政府购买服务等方式扶持社会资本发展,鼓励社会资本做好公共文化服务事业,切实履行责任和义务;另一方面,采取奖惩机制、退出机制等监管措施,抑制社会资本单纯牟利、片面追求效率等不良倾向。
(作者为北京市社会科学院经济研究所副所长)
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