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市场对人民币预期更趋稳定(热点聚焦·中国经济怎么看⑦)

2017-08-21 04:11:27   中国青年网

“8·11”汇改两周年、预期的贬值未出现、4%左右的升值……近期,围绕人民币汇率的话题持续升温,其中“升贬值”成为焦点。在经历了“8·11”汇改后近一年半的贬值之后,今年以来人民币兑美元显著升值。受此影响,市场对人民币汇率的讨论开始由去年的“是否会继续贬值”转为如今的“升值还会继续吗”。对此,专家指出,关于人民币汇率,市场不应再简单地纠结于是单边贬值还是单边升值,尤其是随着人民币汇率市场化机制的不断完善,市场对人民币汇率的决定性作用将越来越大,再考虑到中国经济基本面的支撑及国际汇市的变化,未来,在保持基本稳定的同时,合理的双向浮动将会成为人民币汇率走势的常态。

贬值预期渐消退

今年以来,人民币对美元汇率总体表现强势。截至8月18日,人民币兑美元汇率中间价为6.6744元,比2016年末升值2626个基点,升值幅度为3.93%。其中,从5月中旬开始,人民币表现尤为抢眼,3个月左右的时间里,人民币兑美元汇率中间价升值超2000个基点,在岸人民币兑美元汇率则连续升破6.9、6.8、6.7关口,离岸人民币涨幅也在不断扩大。

“关于这一轮人民币升值,主要有三方面的支撑因素。一是今年以来宏观经济表现良好,上半年GDP增速达到6.9%、进出口快速增长、跨境资金流动形势明显回稳向好,经济基本面提供了重要支撑;二是美元的相对走弱,美元指数从年初的103跌至目前的93左右,且美国政策的不确定性及经济中的一些问题也引发市场担忧;三是人民币的预期更趋稳定,市场主体的购汇意愿显著下降,结汇意愿有所增强,这支持了人民币汇率上行。”中国银行首席研究员宗良在接受本报记者采访时说。

事实上,随着人民币汇率的企稳回升,此前有关人民币的贬值预期正在消退。日前,摩根士丹利相关报告就提出,上调今年底在岸人民币兑美元预测至6.6,此前为6.9;同时上调明年底在岸人民币兑美元预测至6.8,此前为7.0。高盛驻香港高级中国经济学家邓敏强也表示,短期内在岸人民币信心将持续改善。

汇率机制更完善

值得注意的是,在人民币汇率由震荡贬值走向企稳反弹的这段时间内,人民币汇率形成机制正不断完善。交通银行首席经济学家连平指出,“8·11”汇改两年来,人民币兑美元汇率中间价报价机制不断完善。2015年8月,“8·11”汇改强调人民币兑美元汇率中间价报价要参考上日收盘价,汇率市场化改革迈出关键一步。2015年12月,CFETS(中国外汇交易中心)人民币汇率指数发布,“收盘价+一篮子货币汇率变化”的双参考报价模式形成,从而较好地平衡了汇率弹性和稳定汇率预期的目标。2017年5月,中间价引入逆周期调节因子,以适度对冲市场情绪的顺周期波动,缓解外汇市场可能存在的“羊群效应”。

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