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共享农业:农村发展的新动能

2017-08-21 03:16:36   中国青年网

农民自发购置的50多万台收割机和数十万台拖拉机每年按季节有序南下北上、东进西出,悄无声息地解决了我国农作物机械化收割和机械化翻地问题。这种肇始于十多年前的农机共享现象应该是开了我国大规模共享经济的先河。

共享经济就是指以获得一定报酬为主要目的,把社会闲置的物品使用权暂时转租,实现动态及时、精准高效的供需对接的一种资源整合经济模式。它体现的是人们公平分享社会资源,以各自不同的方式付出或受益,共同获得经济红利的诉求,既实现了资源利用最大化,节约了成本,提高了效率,又带来生活的便捷。其实这种共享现象古已有之,邻里朋友之间租借东西就是一种资源共享,宋代已经出现了大量车、船、轿等交通工具的共享现象,只不过在传统社会受空间、关系及信息传递等方面限制,无法形成规模化的效应。互联网为共享经济搭建了平台,共享开始由无偿分享、信息分享、亲朋邻里分享走向有偿分享、实物分享、社会共同分享。这种最热门的新兴商业模式,带来的是没有一间客房也可开酒店,没有一辆汽车也可以开出租车公司,没有一件商品也可以开商场。我们正在走进一个“无边界社会”,很多事物的边界越来越模糊,个人财产的私有属性越来越弱化,共有共享正在全方位渗入生活。

中国有2.3亿个承包土地农户,就经营主体而言是美国的100倍(美国230万户)、英国的1000倍(英国23万户)。这个如此庞大的经营主体,如果让平均不足十亩地的每个农户都购置全套农业生产工具,其浪费程度可想而知。它不光造成购买产品的浪费,同时也造成使用产品的浪费。因为今天的中国农民已经由过去祖祖辈辈终日在田里劳作,变成一年的时间分配为“一个月过年、二个月种田、九个月空闲”,人空闲,农机具当然更是空闲。借助“零边际成本”的互联网平台,对农户的生产和消费需求汇集综合,如农用机具、客栈民宿、产品物流、土地劳力、乡村旅游等,可以让资源持有者和需求者的信息对接、动态分享,从而提高农村现有生产生活资料的利用率,延长产业链,提升价值链,拓展增收链,实现规模化效益。我国农业领域的共享经济虽然起步较早,但发展主要局限于耕地和收割两个方面,如农产品的烘干设备共享是农民非常急需的一项服务,台湾农产品早就实现了一粒都不要晾晒,全部做到收下来立即烘干入仓;再如无人机植保的共享,农产品仓储、加工、保鲜、物流等方面的共享都亟待开发。共享农业贯穿于整个农业产业链全过程,将成为推进农业农村发展的新动能,农业供给侧结构性改革的新引擎。发展共享农业是当务之急。

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