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分散式社会创新需要三个条件

2017-08-21 03:16:33   中国青年网

国家发改委宏观经济研究院原副院长马晓河在中国区域经济50人论坛“地区经济发展与区域政策创新”专题研讨会上发言指出,今年上半年,东北、西北等地区经济增速从负转正,从过去的低位变成中位,这是值得欣慰的。中国要消除地区差距,这些资源型、重型结构地区关键是要进行两个创新:一是制度创新,二是科技创新。

体制机制不创新,新动力就没有支撑。为什么东北、西北的民营经济不行?因为东北、西北的民营经济对国有企业的依附性非常强,国有企业发展快,民营企业就发展快,反之亦然。而浙江、广东民营企业的独立性非常强。为什么?就是因为体制。

再看科技创新,当前中国进行新旧动能转化,急需科技创新。科技创新有两种,一种是集中式创新,靠国家,从上到下,集中人力、物力和财力,在短时间内取得市场不能达到的创新成果。但是,在社会分散式创新方面,我们还远远不够。社会分散创新跟集中创新需要的条件恰恰相反,不改革是达不到的。

分散式社会创新需要三个条件:一是市场的充分竞争,需要有市场空间自由,市场主体竞争没有空间限制。二是市场竞争领域要公平,减少垄断,或者很少垄断。少有垄断是创新和竞争的必要条件。过度垄断会降低国家的总体竞争力,降低区域竞争优势。三是要有充分的创新空间。空间包括立体的、纵向的。创新者要有充分的想象力和无限的创新边界。(纪文)

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