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近九成公立医院开展临床路径管理 做好诊疗“导航系统”

2017-08-20 11:06:27   央广网

央广网北京8月20日消息(记者车丽)据中国之声《央广新闻》报道,在医院就诊的过程中,不少患者可能会遇到这样的情况:明明得了同一种病,不同人治疗方案、疗效甚至花费都会大相径庭;那么,能否规范出一个“路径”,让临床工作更科学化和规范化?

早在2009年新医改启动时,原卫生部便部署探索制定“临床路径”,也就是为特定的疾病临床诊疗设置科学规范的操作路径和流程。现在,近九成公立医院已经开展临床路径管理,将如何做好诊疗的“导航系统”?

所谓“临床路径”,主要是针对某种疾病或者某种手术制定的具有科学性和时间顺序性的医疗照顾计划。特别是将所涉及到的关键检查、治疗、用药、护理等活动进行标准化。山东济宁医学院附属医院是2009年原卫生部推行临床路径管理后,首批试点医院之一。

副院长班博说,使用临床路径的导火索是基于一个病历。“吕先生得了极性化脓性阑尾炎,他和同院的刘先生一起做的手术,他比刘先生多花了一半的费用,他就投诉了。我们医院当时也非常重视,一个是质量的保证、再一个是费用的保证。2009年年底的时候,我们对糖尿病、心衰、高血压、脑梗做了这些疾病的临床路径的管理了。到今年上半年,我们共有337个病种实行了临床路径,临床路径的个数有457个,完全率94.8%。”

北京大学人民医院副院长张俊说,对于患者而言,临床路径像一本为患者制定的对抗疾病的“导航系统”,让患者清楚知道每天的诊疗方案;临床路径对于临床诊疗,像“食谱”于做菜一样,是一个具有科学性和时间顺序性的标准“流程图”。通过标准的临床路径,哪些检查是必须要做的,哪些检查是不必要做的,这样就避免了过多的检查和过度的治疗。“我们做手术都要预防使用抗菌素。我们医院现有的抗菌素品种有49个品种,在没有实施临床路径之前,大夫可以自主选择,有选择一代的,有选择三代的,非常混乱。实施标准临床路径后,我们要求在术前的30分钟到2小时之内用抗菌素,这个时候正好是抗菌素浓度最高的时候,可以保证病人用最少的抗菌素,花费最少的钱达到最安全的质量效果。”

临床路径——不仅规范了医疗诊疗行为,也有效地控制了患者的费用,减轻了患者就医负担。例如河南省实施了67个病种基于临床路径的按病种付费后,次均住院费用比按项目付费降低了10%,而目录外药品费用所占的比例下降了3%。

在医院管理者看来,“控费”并不是临床路径要实现的直接目标,而要要规范了医疗诊疗行为,进而提高了医疗质量,“控费”则是必然随之而来。

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