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摘取“最大的麦穗”(人民论坛)

2017-08-18 05:21:17   中国青年网

传说古希腊哲学家苏格拉底曾让他的学生在麦田中穿过,不许走回头路,去摘下那株最大最好的麦穗,且每人只有一次机会。第一个学生走几步看见一株大的麦穗就摘下了。但他继续前进时,发现前面有许多比他摘的那株更大,懊悔不已。而另一个学生总觉得前面会有更大的麦穗在等着他,结果走到麦田尽头,一无所得。

或稀里糊涂地摘下,却不是最大的;或患得患失,不敢轻易下手。摘麦穗其实是一道两难“选择题”。工作中我们也会时常遇到这种艰难“选择”。为官一任,造福一方。不少领导干部都想为一个地方的发展和群众生活水平提高干出点名堂。但一遇到实际问题、复杂矛盾,在判断和抉择上就常感到无从下手,甚至不知所措。

比如,有限的资金是用在重大基础设施补短板上,还是用在民生事业的点点滴滴上。一个是立足长远打基础,一个是雪中送炭解近渴,如何取舍有时也不会轻而易举;比如,一项改革措施是否要出台。出台是大势所趋,但也可能引起一些反对声音,带来阻力惹来麻烦。诸如此类,利弊皆有,轻重难辨,抉择起来颇费思量。优柔寡断,当断不断,会错失战机;拍脑袋,盲目决策,也会贻误事业。

其实,亦有两法可解:一曰“踱方步”,一曰“列单子”。

“踱方步”,就是真正静下心来,深入思考问题,研究判断形势,抓住主要矛盾,找出解决问题的思路。越是万事繁杂,越是百事待理,越要保持清醒的头脑。实际上,党的路线方针政策,中央的文件精神,往往都蕴含了方向性的思路。通过学习理解把握,真正站在全局、大局上考虑问题,就能找到事物的主要矛盾,就知道如何去摘取那株“最大的麦穗”。

“列单子”,就是在决策上碰到一些犹豫不决、争论较大的问题时,认真梳理各种意见,用拉单子的方法列出好与坏、利与弊、可行与不可行,“一、二、三、四”都清清楚楚呈现。利大于弊、得大于失,就大胆决策。否则,就谨慎决策或暂不决策。

一“踱”就有了深入思考,一“列”就有了科学分析。深入思考加上科学分析,如何抉择往往就不是难事。比如,有限资金怎么用,要根据实际情况权衡而定。如果在贫困地区建设一批路、桥、水利等基础设施,既补上了短板,又解决了民生,何乐而不为呢。再比如,改革措施的出台,既要大胆,又要细致。认真评估各种可能的负面影响和代价,在得与失上慎重选择。同时,一旦实施,全力做好各方面思想工作,让“弊”最小,让“利”最大,赢得绝大多数群众的拥护和支持。

历史上的成功者,就在于他们选择时能够胸怀全局,权衡利弊。“不谋万世者,不足谋一时;不谋全局者,不足谋一域”,以及“两弊相衡取其轻,两利相权取其重”,都说明这个道理。做到了这两点,就可保证我们的选择是科学和正确的。

萧何对曹参说:对沛公来说,没有万全之策而只有利弊权衡。既然是选择,就有利弊得失。在问题和困难面前,我们既要慎重,又必须积极行动。故事称,苏格拉底的第三个弟子吸取了前两位的教训,他没有马上走进麦田,而是先冷静思考。然后当他走到1/3时,即分出大、中、小三类,再走1/3时验证是否正确,等到最后1/3时,他果断选择了大类中的最大一株麦穗。这样的选择,就是最佳选择。他选择的就是实际意义上的“最大的麦穗”。

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