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水宿五溪月 霜啼三峡猿 ——石柱古诗探秘

2017-08-18 08:38:41   中国青年网

石柱县城内的秦良玉雕像。

秦良玉陵园里的秦良玉墓。(石柱土家族自治县文管所供图)

一首民歌《太阳出来喜洋洋》,让地处渝东南的石柱土家族自治县广为人知。

追根溯源,我们不难发现,自唐武德二年(619年)置南宾县以来,石柱已有近1400年的历史。明末清初,带兵北上勤王的女英雄秦良玉更是让这里名震华夏。

那么,到底有多少文人骚客曾在石柱吟诗作赋?这些诗歌的背后又有着怎样的故事?近日,记者来到了石柱,在当地专家的带领下,试图描绘出一幅属于这里的古诗地图。

李白是诗咏石柱第一人?

757年的一场动乱,不仅让唐玄宗的幼子永王李璘命丧黄泉,也断送了一位中年人封侯拜相的美梦。他虽逃过死罪,却被流放夜郎(今贵州)。

“这位中年人就是李白,在流放夜郎的过程中,他经过石柱,挥笔写下一首《送赵判官赴黔府中丞叔幕》,这是现有文献中,最早描写石柱的诗歌。其中的‘水宿五溪月,霜啼三峡猿’,成为最早描写石柱及其周边地区的诗句。”1200多年后的今天,站在石柱万安山上,石柱文物专家蒋屏不无感慨地说。

难道在李白之前,就没有人留下关于石柱的只言片语?

蒋屏表示:“事实上,早在秦汉时期,这里的古人就开始进行诗歌创作了,民歌啰儿调更是成为唐代《竹枝词》的母本之一,意义重大。不过,因为长时间的战乱,这些诗歌大多已失传。”

“现存于文献的描写石柱的古诗有200多首,但这些诗歌大多创作于明末清初,究其原因,主要是因为当时的政局日益稳定,石柱一带的经济也得到长足发展,自然吸引了大批文人来此吟诗作赋,石柱的诗歌创作也由此迎来了一个小高潮。”蒋屏说。

“纵观这些诗歌,我们不难发现,咏人的诗歌比较多,咏物的诗歌比较少。”蒋屏说,这些诗歌为我们研究古时石柱的风土人情提供了丰富资料。

“可怪南宾第,同时气不齐。秋阳愁晦暝,大雨散云霓。北鄙摇轻扇,南方拥败绨。一江殊景象,物理却难稽。”清代诗人史钦义在《咏石柱天时》中为我们生动地描绘了古时石柱的天气;另一位清代诗人张凤翥在《和王荣绪赏二所亭梅花诗》中,用一句“劲处漫留脂粉色,妆余犹带雪霜容”,描写出石柱玉顶山桃花盛开时的美丽景象。

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