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语文教材“古诗文飙升”落点在立人

2017-08-18 05:01:14   中国青年网

■戴先任

今年9月份,中国新一批入学的中小学生将迎来新版“教育部编义务教育语文教科书”。这是白话文兴起后,中国语文教材第七次“大换血”。本次“部编本”教材古诗文篇目大幅增加。小学一年级课本首次加入了古诗,整个小学6个年级12册共有古诗文132篇,平均每个年级20篇,占课文总数的30%左右。初中6册选用古诗文的分量也增加了。(8月17日新华社)

古诗文是中国传统文化的结晶,此次中小学语文教材大幅增加古诗文,是对传统文化的重视。虽然古诗文在语文教材中大幅增加,比如在整个小学阶段,与原有人教版教材比,增幅达80%左右,但古诗文占课文总数也只有30%左右,从后者比例来看,并不多。一些人担心中小学教材会被古诗文完全占据,只让学生学习古诗文,不重视学习白话文,不太符合时代发展的要求。这种担忧显然多虑了。古诗文虽然在小学教材中大幅增加,但仍然只占所有课文的少数。现在的大幅增加,对应的是以前的教材古诗文所占的比例较少,不是现在太多,而是以前不够。

以前,教育机构更多担心的是小学生难以理解古文的涵义,所以古诗文选得相对较少。现在来看,小学生处于人生第一个汲取知识阶段,他们接受能力强、思维活跃,通过让他们熟读背诵古诗文,能够增加他们的识字感、文学审美力,能够激发他们的学习兴趣。优秀的古诗文还传递着传统美德与礼仪,让孩子从小接受传统文化熏陶,对他们养成健全的人格很有帮助,这同样也是在对孩子加强素质教育、德育。

近年来,国内不断掀起“汉语热”“国学热”,各地各类“国学馆”“儒学馆”如雨后春笋一般出现,不少家长把孩子送去学习儒学、国学,一些年纪很小的孩子背诵起有一定难度的古文来毫不含糊,《中国诗词大会》等节目也屡受观众追捧,斩获高收视率。这些都说明语文教材大幅提高古诗文比例,正是顺应时代需求,能体现民族文化自信,能够让我们的下一代从小就接受传统文化熏陶,有利于进行文化传承。

但是我们也要看到,在大幅度增加古诗文的比例后,各地教育部门、学校,在教育方式方法上,也要进行适当的调整。首先要保证教师能够真正读懂语文教材中的古诗文,还要避免孩子陷入“背死书”中,要懂得灵活教学,要能激发孩子的学习热情,在古诗文讲解中穿插名人轶事、历史故事,增加趣味性与可读性。更要让古诗文发挥真正的人文价值,让孩子从中不仅感受到古诗文的美,还能从中有所收获,能够开阔孩子的视野,能够滋养心灵,引导及提升学生的精神境界。

虽然增加古诗文比例对弘扬与传承传统文化尤为重要,但语文教育对学生来说,最重要的作用是要达到“立人”的目的。而当语文教育育人的作用得以最大化发挥,古诗文增强文化自信、传承传统文化的作用也能最大化发挥,这两者是相辅相成的关系,而强调语文教育的人文精神、注重培养学生的健全人格,才应是语文教育的内核。所以语文教材“古诗文比例飙升”的最终落点还应在“立人”,要围绕此做文章。

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