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战狼2票房不断飙升 引起关于法律问题的思考

2017-08-17 10:37:32   中国青年网

一部备受关注的影片,观众在感受它的艺术魅力的同时,它所蕴含的法治文化以及观众对其评价,都影响着人们的法治意识

电影《战狼2》成为中国电影史上首部突破40亿元票房的影片,上映20天后,票房仍在节节攀升,在海外也获广泛关注(8月15日新华社)。

《战狼2》票房不断飙升,叫好又叫座,强大的祖国紧紧锁住广大观众的心。本剧的很多情节来源真实,比如从利比亚、也门等国海外撤侨,营救中国人。正如影片结尾那句话:“中华人民共和国公民,当你在海外遭遇危险,不要放弃!请记住,在你身后,有一个强大的祖国!”影片备受关注,其中的法律问题也引发热议,值得思考。

先看看是否存在变造护照的行为。有人士指出,影片中的护照封底印制了前述“强大的祖国”这句话,实际上中国护照封底空无一字,并且认为剧组此举触犯刑法第280条第1款“伪造、变造、买卖国家机关公文、证件、印章”之规定,涉嫌构成变造国家机关证件罪。

真的涉嫌构成犯罪吗?笔者认真观看了影片结尾,“强大的祖国”这句话是逐字弹射出的字幕,只是因为背景是护照封底,就造成了字是印刷在护照封底上的假象——这是展现在观众眼前的基本事实。既然不是印制的,就说不上变造,更谈不上违法。判断是否违法,必须做到“事实清楚,证据确凿”方能定罪量刑。如果没搞清基本事实就妄下结论,这是法治之忌。

有人还指出,冷锋的扮演者吴京在首映式现场出示了一张放大版的“中国护照”,“强大的祖国”这句话就印在护照封底上。从报道的照片看,这本“护照”有三个成年人并列站立那么宽且齐腰高,其实就是个道具。如果扛着这个道具护照去过海关,岂不贻笑大方,海关也肯定不会放行。显然,它根本不具备通关功能,也不可能侵害法益,怎么可能涉嫌构成犯罪?

当然,尽管是影视文艺作品,道具护照与现实不符还是不太严肃,且易误导公众。但是,在对法治现象剖析时,不宜简单机械套用犯罪构成要件,错误理解法律,更无须上纲上线给剧组扣上违法犯罪的帽子——因为向公众传递错误的法律知识和法治思维逻辑,本身就是对法治的损害。

再说说暴力非法强拆。影片开始的片断震撼人心,烈士小飞白发老母亲的哭求,根本阻止不了非法暴力强拆,挖掘机架在小飞灵堂上空和他那妻儿老小头上。当手棒战友小飞骨灰的冷锋阻碍了强拆,黑老大竟然用枪指着他的头恶意挑衅,还威胁“看我怎么弄死他们(小飞家人)”。是谁支持黑老大暴力强拆?他的枪支从何而来?在法治社会,现实中也许存在这种事情,但不为法治所容。

一名军人为了祖国和人民的平安幸福牺牲了生命,但他却保护不了家人的安宁;冷锋敢于牺牲生命抗击反政府武装,保护我海外中国公民,却拿强拆的黑老大没辙。血气方刚的冷锋岂能容忍黑老大欺压百姓,一脚飞踹,黑老大毙命,冷锋反因此进了监狱。对此,网上热烈讨论,出现两种看法:冷锋是为民除暴的英雄还是伤害他人的违法者?影片已经给出答案。尽管他变成了一名罪犯,仍然得到不少观众同情。事实上,军人军属合法权益遭受不法侵害的并不鲜见。据《检察日报》报道,2013年至2016年7月,陕西省检察机关共批捕涉及军人军属权益案件14件17人。不能让保家卫国的革命军人流血又流泪,需要全社会努力,更需要法治发力。

应该反思的还有,冷锋不该鲁莽行事致强拆者于死地,他无权剥夺他人生命;而应该对法治充满信心,相信在依法治国进程中战友的家人能够得到保护;违法者的恶行,必将受到法律的惩处,等等,这些都是影视文艺作品需要大力传播和普及的法律知识。

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