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今年9月起中小学将统一换教材

2017-08-16 15:49:59   中国青年网

供图/视觉中国

近日,由教育部直接组织编写的“部编版”教材全部修订完成,将于今秋在400余万学生中投入使用。作为教育改革的标志性学科,中小学语文教材“一纲多本”的时代正式终结。9月新学期开学,全国小学生和初中生将使用“部编版”语文教材,从起始年级开始,各种版本教材将陆续退出舞台。 所谓“部编版”教材就是由教育部直接组织编写的教材。据了解,由于我国幅员辽阔,经济文化发展不平衡,在过去一段时间里,现有的语文教材编写出版仍是“一纲多本”。全国中小学语文教材版本大约有10余种,如耳熟能详的人教版、语文版、湘教版、长春版、苏教版、教科版、冀教版、西师大版、沪教版、鲁教版、北师大版、浙教版等。

■ 先学识字,后学拼音

过去一年级刚入学的时候,孩子们先学会拼音,才开始识字。而翻开“部编版”教材,第一篇识字课文是“天、地、人、你、我、他”。这意味着一年级的孩子学语文,要先从认字开始,之后再学拼音。这不仅仅是学习次序的改变,背后更透露了教学理念的改变:把汉语、汉字摆回到第一位,而拼音只是辅助学汉字的工具,不是目的。一年级上册语文教材共安排了2个识字单元、2个汉语拼音单元和4个课文单元。让孩子们在学习了“天地人”、“口耳目”、“金木水火土”等一些常用字之后,再进行13个课时的汉语拼音系统学习。此外,“会认字”由原来的400个减少到300个,“会写字”仍旧是100个,但是更加重视笔画和笔顺的教学,加强汉字的书写教学。

■ 传统文化篇目增加

此次教材革新,有一个变化非常明显,就是传统文化的篇目增加了。小学一年级开始就有古诗文,整个小学6个年级12册共选优秀古诗文124篇,占所有选篇的30%,平均每个年级20篇左右。初中古诗文选篇也是124篇,占所有选篇的51.7%,平均每个年级40篇左右。体裁也更加多样,从《诗经》到清代的诗文,从古风、民歌、律诗、绝句到词曲,从诸子散文到历史散文,从两汉论文到唐宋古文、明清小品,均有收录。 革命传统教育的篇目也占有较大的比重。小学选了40篇,初中29篇。鲁迅的作品选有《故乡》《阿长与山海经》等9篇。 此外,新教材由之前的32K小版变成16K大版,更加图文并茂,孩子使用起来更加方便。

■ 引导学生读书

为了让学生“多读书,读好书,好读书”,“部编版”教材把课外阅读纳入教材体制。比如,小学一年级就设置了“和大人一起读”,意在和学前教育衔接,一开始就引导学生的读书兴趣。小学中高年级几乎每一单元都有课外阅读的延伸。 初中则加强了“名著选读”,重在激发兴趣,传授方法,如浏览、快读、读整本书、读不同文体,等等,都各有方法引导。不仅如此,多数文章设置课后思考题或拓展题,也都有课外阅读的提示引导。这就把语文教学从课堂延伸到课外,形成“教读—自读—课外阅读”三位一体的阅读教学体制。

同时,新教材注重写作方法的指导。如初一两个学期一共12次写作课,每个单元1次。每次都突出一点,给予方法,又照顾全面。余源

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