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金砖机制未来更美好(望海楼)

2017-08-18 04:06:14   中国青年网

数月前,在一次金砖国家智库研讨会上,笔者谈到,金砖五国虽在文化历史、经济增速、社会传统等方面有所差异,但均属新兴经济体,各有所长,对全球诸多问题有相同关切,只要互学互鉴、相互帮衬,定能协同崛起,更好地惠及各个国家。那次研讨会上,金砖国家学者认为,换一个角度看,金砖机制的独特魅力与潜力更加明显。比较金砖机制与七国集团机制(G7),就会发现前者拥有更美好未来。

从代表性和成长性看,G7多集中在北大西洋两岸,没有全球代表性,不了解新兴经济体诉求,也面临对全球治理贡献度下降的颓势。从经济比重和贡献率看,2016年金砖国家占全球经济比重超过30%,贡献率接近60%,远大于G7。

作为一个没有西方发达国家参与的全球多边合作机制,金砖国家机制正把过去在全球治理平台上几乎“失声”的发展中国家,从边缘带拉回中心区。从立场看,以中国、俄罗斯、印度、巴西、南非为代表的金砖国家,坚持独立自主,主张不干涉他国内政,寻求和平发展,支持联合国继续发挥中心地位和作用,呼吁更公平与合理的国际经济政治新秩序等。从世界历史上看,金砖国家的“集体崛起”正在走出一条有别于西方诸国崛起方式的新道路与新理念。这本身就是对人类发展的巨大贡献。

从发展态势看,G7集团1976年成立,至今40余年,美国与其他六国的矛盾从未停歇过。尤其是近年来,“黑天鹅事件”频发,美欧同盟面临崩盘窘境,早年立下的工业国协调、指引全球经济、帮助穷国发展的“G7誓言”早被忘却。相比之下,从2006年金砖国家外长会议至今,仅10年时间,金砖国家合作从零起步,从小到大,已成为全球治理的重要力量。目前,每年与“金砖”有关的会议高达100多种。2009年,金砖国家领导人在叶卡捷琳堡会晤后的联合声明仅有15条,翻译为中文约1500字。到2016年果阿会晤时,声明已多达109条,翻译为中文近1.3万字。

这些年,欧美国家常有媒体大谈“金砖”失色,唱衰甚至挑拨金砖机制。那些唱衰“金砖”者显然没有了解金砖机制的实际进展。尤其是近年来,金砖国家内部共建应急储备安排、成立金砖国家新开发银行、金砖扩容探讨启动等务实合作开展后,一种新型的国际金融新开放机制与宏观调控体系正在形成,国际互动与全球化新模式正在长出难得的新芽。

当然,金砖国家内部的分歧与矛盾是存在的,磕磕碰碰在所难免。但利益交汇、战略协作与合作共赢才是金砖国家合作的主流与大局。今年9月,金砖国家领导人会晤将在中国厦门举行,这是一个重要时间点,它将决定金砖国家第二个10年的新进程。相信金砖五国与其他新兴国家一起,定能求同存异、互利共赢,克服彼此在地缘、文化、观念上的种种差异,通过各项务实合作,为全球经济发展作出更有效贡献,让“金砖”更加金光闪闪。

(作者为中国人民大学重阳金融研究院执行院长、教授)

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