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权威解读:道路设计与交通安全有多大的关系?

2017-08-17 13:41:36   央广网

央广网北京8月17日消息(中国交通广播记者嘉聪 实习记者茹雪)陕西秦岭隧道交通事故引发全社会对道路交通安全设计的关注,中国交通广播记者专访了长期研究道路安全、拥有大量一手调研经验的交通安全专家刘干先生。下面请看刘干先生解读:道路设计与交通安全有多大的关系?

 [专家简介]刘干,社会学者,高级工程师,中国交通安全产业协会特聘交通安全专家,长期从事道路交通安全管理标准化研究、技术开发和交通组织优化设计工作,主持或参与十多部国家、行业、地方交通类标准的制定。

记者:从您的从业经验来看道路的设计对后期的行车安全会产生多大的影响?

刘干:我用一个比喻,就像我们家里有孩子,孩子天天在玩耍的时候磕磕碰碰是难免的,所以说我们就要把楼梯做得更好,孩子玩的地方不要有锐角,孩子经常出入的房间铺上柔软的垫子,来避免过错的产生。

那交通安全呢,我个人的观点也是这样。我们每天都要面对大量的人和车,在来往的过程当中,由于人的过失和车的物理性能的一些变异,尽管交通事故的发生是一个小概率的事件,但是我们在道路上就要根据不同道路的环境做出必要的防护,在概率发生前,因为人在交通环境当中是一个非常重要的主体,是在驾驶车辆和使用道路。那么,一个是要让他感觉到前方和身处的环境和状态是怎样的,通过信息来告诉他;还有一个呢,能不能保护不要让他造成严重的伤害,就像我刚刚举的例子,我们孩子突然摔倒,摔在柔软的垫子上,那他可能就不会受伤。

记者:您刚才也说过,要让驾驶员对风险环境有足够的感觉,您能就这个详细的介绍一下吗?

刘干:就比如说在驾驶任务当中最可怕的是,开着车身处某一个环境当中,比如说一个陡坡、一个弯道、月光的反射,对人的驾驶都是一些不利的因素,这个时候就需要提前用标志标线来让他知道前方是一个什么情况。比如:日本在进入隧道前3公里的时候,标志就会告诉驾驶员前方进入隧道,隧道的限行是怎样?隧道的高度、长度是怎样的?地面上会采取一些纵向的减速标签的措施,来压缩车道的空间;等到了隧道这一段的时候会有一些色彩的强化或是隔离设施,来让驾驶员知道在隧道内时两边的轮廓是怎样的,所处的限行是怎样的,驾驶员都能够有驾驶的把握;在开出隧道的时候,出口是一个交叉口呢?还是又是一个上下坡呢?或是其他情况,也会用一些交通标志来提示驾驶员。这些交通标志不是依靠车灯打上去的,而是会主动发光,让驾驶员远远的就能够看到它,从而知道从隧道出去是一个怎样的情况,提前采取一些必要的措施。因为我们在修这些路段的时候,我们要因地制宜,因地就势来修,但是我们通过这些补救措施能够让驾驶员感知到自己存在什么状态,自己的速度要降低,要注意保护自己的安全。

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