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小伎俩抵不住能源领域市场化大潮

2017-08-16 09:13:30   中国青年网

□ 左丰岐

日前,山西省电力行业协会组织23家发电企业达成并实施直供电价格垄断协议一案作出处理决定,依法罚款7338万元。当前,能源领域深化市场化改革是大趋势,但是垄断谋利等非市场化行为却屡见不鲜,然而市场化是不可阻挡的潮流,不会因小的波澜而改变进程。

我国能源革命的重要议题之一就是还原能源的商品属性,构建有效竞争的市场结构和市场体系,形成主要由市场决定能源价格的机制。2015年颁布的电改“9号文”主要精神也在于“放开两头,管住中间”进行放活。两头的发电企业和用户可以通过市场竞争的方式来决定电价,而中间的电网由于其自然垄断属性,按照“准许成本加合理收益”原则单独确定输配电价格。

电改目的是通过市场竞争产生效益,而不公平竞争、寡头竞争等会使效益大打折扣。山西这些发电企业作为供应方,联手操纵价格,是一种比较典型的合谋操纵方法,做法与电改建立竞争市场的方向是相悖的。电力作为一种特殊商品,市场化进程本身就比较难,如果出现人为操纵的情况,就更容易出现波折。

现实生活中,无论是电信、烟草以及供水、供电、燃气还是其他公用企业,最为显著的特点就是具有公共属性和商业属性的双重身份,并且往往还存在区域性的自然垄断现象,这些行业通过政策或法律被赋予特殊市场地位,这种由政策身份向市场身份延伸的现象目前仍然存在,并不时激起些许浪花。

济宁华润燃气有限公司凭借市场独占优势地位,违法违规超标准向用户收取燃气管道设施安装费1019万元,以及捆绑销售燃气炉具等共获得非法利益40多万元,被工商部门从轻给予罚款及没收违法所得共计54万元。然而另一家企业就没这么幸运了。去年,青岛新奥新城燃气有限公司因滥用市场支配地位,强制向用户收取“预付气费款898万元,被处没收违法所得5.2万元,罚款681.8万元。

更好地发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用,形成主要由市场决定能源价格的机制,是能源体制改革的重要一环,但是任何改革都会有阻力,例如发电企业合谋操纵价格,以及燃气企业滥用市场支配地位的价格垄断行为等等,都是违反市场经济规律及相关法规的行为,需要有关部门严厉打击,维护市场经济秩序,推进能源改革顺利深入。

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