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外媒:俄罗斯飞行员纷纷跳槽中国 留也留不住!

2017-08-15 15:36:17   中国青年网

“俄罗斯飞行员大量外流,中国是主要目的地,令俄罗斯政府机构和各大航空公司深感头痛。”英国广播公司(BBC)8月14日报道称,俄罗斯政府机构和各大航空公司都在软硬兼施,设法挽留这些高级人才,但努力均未奏效。

俄罗斯《生意人报》称,近两年多以来,已有300多名飞行员、机长和教练员离开俄罗斯,赴国外就职,另有400多人正在寻找国外的工作。这些飞行员中的绝大多数去了中国,还有一些去了东南亚和中东国家的航空公司。俄罗斯最大的航空公司"俄罗斯航空"(Aeroflot)也难幸免。俄航首席执行官维塔利?萨维利耶夫(Vitaly Saveliev)6月底在股东会议上说,已有120人离开了俄航子公司"俄罗斯国家航空公司"(Rossiya Airlines)。

对此,BBC采访了俄罗斯飞行员,他们说,俄罗斯飞行员外流的趋势其实才刚刚开始,未来将有更多人离开。一位在俄罗斯某主要航空公司任职的机长表示,有很多飞行员已经办理好各种证件,正准备离开,人数比已经离开的人还要多。

“中国航空公司工资要高很多”

报道将俄罗斯飞行员外流的最主要原因归结为,中国和其他许多国家的航空公司工资要高很多。俄罗斯航空公司的一名管理人员告诉BBC,该公司机长月薪为47万卢布(7858美元)。但俄罗斯飞行员工会的数据显示,俄航机长月薪没有那么多,只有40万卢布(6500美元)。而在俄航子公司"俄罗斯国家航空公司",机长月薪仅12万卢布(2千美元)。飞行员工会表示,东欧国家的机长月薪大约在4000至7500美元之间,而美国和中国的机长月薪超过14000美元。

报道称,在中国,训练有素的飞行员月薪高达17000至25000美元。俄罗斯航空业的职业介绍机构Aviapersonal说,加上各种奖金,中国客机机长的月收入可达26000至30000美元。除了现金收入以外,工作条件,如住宿、交通、保险和家属安置等,也是飞行员考虑的重点。此外,工作时间的安排也是重要因素。许多出国求职的俄罗斯飞行员都说,外国航空公司的工作压力小得多,公司管理层也尽量创造更好的工作条件。

“如果一个飞行员想去中国工作,他总有办法”

俄罗斯飞行员工资较低的一个主要原因是2014年的俄罗斯金融危机。危机一方面导致卢布大幅贬值,另一方面还迫使各大航空公司裁减支出。在2015到2016年间俄罗斯航空运输萧条,使许多飞行员失业。比如,2015年,私营的俄罗斯洲际航空(Transaero Airlines)宣告破产,一夜之间有一千多名飞行员失业。

不过,自去年以来,俄罗斯航空运输业开始有起色,今年的运输量比去年增加了20%,各大航空公司又开始招收飞行员。BBC俄语部引述专家的话说,现在副驾驶很多,但机长短缺。因此,俄罗斯开始试图扭转飞行员外流的趋势。

报道称,俄罗斯各大航空公司在想办法让飞行员回流。尽管飞行员工资还未升至国际水平,但航空公司用奖金来鼓励在国外工作的机长回国。但是,在飞行员眼中,这些激励措施太有限,没有什么吸引力。很多飞行员认为,要解决飞行员外流的现状,唯一的办法还是采取市场机制,用更具竞争力的工作条件来吸引人才。

为了给飞行员出国求职设置障碍,俄罗斯联邦航空运输署拒绝向外国航空公司提供飞行员执照的信息。但许多俄罗斯飞行员的信息都保存在爱尔兰和百慕大群岛,外国航空公司可以很容易获取。而且俄罗斯飞行员可以很方便地将其俄罗斯飞行执照转成美国执照。BBC写道:“如果一个飞行员想去中国工作,他总有办法成行。”

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