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北京周口店“猿人洞”戴钢盔 明年初迎客

2017-08-16 07:52:05   央广网

原标题:周口店“猿人洞”戴钢盔 明年初迎客

“猿人洞”保护工程主体钢结构完工。张淑玲摄

明年是位于房山区周口店的“北京人遗址”发现100周年。自上世纪20年代发掘以来,该遗址内第1地点“猿人洞”经日晒、雨淋、风蚀,洞口出现滑塌现象。为保护这处珍贵的文明遗址,本市及房山区相关部门对“猿人洞”的修缮工程正在进行,目前洞体安全棚建设主体钢结构已完工,后续工程将于今年底完工。待明年春天安全棚全面绿化后,“猿人洞”将无惧风雨,开门迎客。

磨制石块抗击猛兽,削尖木棒河里扎鱼,将贝壳穿洞做成链饰,初次点火煮熟食物……搭乘时空隧道,穿越回50万年前的房山区周口店,这里正上演着远古生活场景。进入“周口店遗址”大门,左手边便是该遗址第1地点“猿人洞”。昨日上午,记者现场看到,两个巨型塔吊下,“猿人洞”山体上方已隔空架起一面“钢管网”,就像一顶巨大的钢盔。纵向钢管为支撑,管体较粗,横向钢管相连接,管体较细,两种钢管纵横交接成网格状,自“猿人洞”顶部随山形搭下,弧度优美。“保护棚”东侧留有一门,上写“安全通道”,大门左、右两侧,还挂有提醒“施工安全、保证质量”等内容的条幅。

为确保游客安全和工程进度,“猿人洞”自去年7月关闭,现场记者只发现有个别游客,在“猿人洞”施工围墙外短暂停留之后,便沿山路离开去游览其余景点。

周口店遗址相关负责人介绍,这顶“钢盔”覆盖面积3700余平方米,其南北跨度77.5米,东西跨度54.5米,最高处35.7米。建筑通过内外两层的隔板叠合,可隔绝雨、雪、冰雹、阳光,以及其他自然力对遗址的破坏。保护工程以“最小遮盖、安全为先、消除隐患、融入自然”为原则,要求最大限度地减小“保护棚”与山体的接触,整个工程分“基础”、“主体钢结构”、“安装玻璃幕墙”及“绿化”等部分。

在基础施工部分,施工人员在“猿人洞”南侧山顶、北侧山脚下各确定了8个、13个基础点。为减少对“猿人洞”的损害,山脚下深达8米的岩石开槽等全程采用“静力爆破”,力求做到“无振动、无飞石、无噪音、无污染”。此后,基础工程还依次进行了加固锚杆、绑扎钢筋、安装模板、浇筑混凝土、回填等工序。

现场,一施工人员告诉记者,该工程难度极高,“两台大塔吊吊着钢管,工人也被吊在半空中进行焊接,大钢管直径有1000余毫米,一截截焊在一起,很困难,需要高度集中注意力,速度还得快。”钢管网结构复杂,坡度、跨度、焊接量都非常大,为确保焊接质量,该工程还专门成立了全面质量管理小组。记者了解到,该课题还相继在本市及全国范围内建筑工程质量成果交流会上获奖,而钢结构安装焊缝,经超声波检测全部合格。

目前,“猿人洞”保护工程已进入玻璃幕墙安装。该段工程完工后,“钢盔”表面将会被喷成与山体一样的颜色,并在其种植槽内种下绿色植物,待明年春天绿色植物爬满盔顶,“猿人洞”整个山体便可形成绿色景观,且完全融入周口店遗址整体环境中。

周口店遗址负责人表示,明年是遗址发现100周年,届时,遗址将通过先进的声光电技术,向游客呈现一个全新的、亮点纷呈的“猿人洞”,广大游客将会更全面、深入地了解到远古“北京人”的生活环境和地质地貌。

新闻背景

“北京人”之家——猿人洞

周口店遗址第1地点,也是该遗址的核心。其原为一天然石灰岩溶洞。从大约50万年起,“北京人”在这里断断续续地生活到约20万年前,“北京人”的遗骨、遗物、遗迹和洞顶塌落的石块,以及洞外流入的泥沙等,在洞内一层层充填,形成厚有40余米、共有13层的堆积层。经过数十年发掘,共发现代表有40个“北京人”个体的近200件人类化石,近10万件石器、数层灰烬及100余种动物化石,“猿人洞”在周口店遗址中最具科学价值,也保存了最完整的地层序列和丰富的科学信息。(张淑玲)

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