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巴塞罗那:游人多了也烦恼

2017-08-16 07:51:41   央广网

正值西班牙旅游旺季,巴塞罗那近日却发生了几起针对游客的骚扰事件。加泰罗尼亚极左翼政党人民团结党领导下的独立青年协会在社交网站上发布的视频显示,该组织成员在旅游胜地巴塞罗那和马略卡岛对游客实施了骚扰行为,例如拦停旅游观光大巴、涂鸦大巴玻璃窗和酒店外墙、破坏租赁自行车,甚至占领餐馆和游船等。

该协会的这些破坏行径遭到当地政府、各大政党、旅游业协会和绝大多数市民的反对。巴塞罗那市长阿达·柯洛表示,巴塞罗那拒绝暴力,这些行为应该受到强烈谴责,并追究其法律责任。柯洛强调,此次事件只是个案,游客与当地居民和谐相处才是巴塞罗那的常态。

独立青年协会则发表声明称,他们并非反对游客或者旅游行为,而是反对现行旅游模式带来的一系列社会问题。该协会提出,要对旅游业结构的改革进行公开讨论,建设在社会层面和生态层面可持续发展的旅游模式。

根据巴塞罗那市政府公布的数据,1990年至2016年,每年在该市住宿的游客数量从170万人次增至900万人次,增长了423%。如今,旅游业占巴塞罗那经济总量的15%,提供了9%的就业岗位。然而,旅游业的急剧增长也给当地居民带来了诸如房租上涨、租房困难等一系列社会问题。巴塞罗那市政府6月进行的一项调查显示,19%的受访者认为旅游业如何协调发展是该市面临的首要问题,旅游首次超过失业成为巴塞罗那人的最大担忧。

据统计,巴塞罗那市中心老城区的兰布拉大街上,熙熙攘攘的人群中有58%是外国游客。该市哥特城区协会会长雷姆·戈麦斯表示,密集的客流对整个哥特城区的社会商业结构造成巨大冲击,许多居民不得不选择搬离这里。此外,景点附近的居民区成为旅游大巴的停靠点,周边日用品商店也变成了旅游纪念品店,还有许多房东将房屋短租给游客,给当地居民的日常生活造成极大的不便,尤其是带来住房难题。

西班牙《新闻报》分析认为,旅游不是问题,问题在于过度发展的旅游业超出了一些街区的承受能力,政府应当管控和修正旅游业带来的社会失衡。比如,可以通过收取旅游税和限定每日游览人数来确保城市的接待能力,同时还能补偿受影响的街区民众。相比德国柏林、荷兰阿姆斯特丹所收取的每晚5%的旅游税,巴塞罗那每晚0.65至2.25欧元的旅游税完全有提高的空间。

事实上,本届巴塞罗那政府在竞选时就曾表达了改变当前旅游模式的决心。柯洛表示,市政府一直在加强旅游管理,例如叫停面向游客的非法短租民宿、对旅游大巴收取高昂费用并限制其停靠区域等。更重要的是,政府所收取的旅游税不仅用于旅游推广,还用以补贴受大众旅游影响最大的街区。

西班牙《国家报》评论称,旅游业过度发展所带来的副作用在世界各大旅游目的地都有所显现,巴塞罗那可以学习其他城市的应对方式。巴塞罗那一直以开放、文明、宜居、包容等特点吸引着各国游客,旅游业应成为这座城市的优势而非问题。

(本报马德里8月14日电)

《 人民日报 》( 2017年08月15日 23 版)

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