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钱江晚报:语文教材争议多,说明改进空间大

2017-08-15 10:16:24   中国青年网

外国孩子十分优秀,中国孩子却常常要为自己的行为脸红;少年爱迪生还救过妈妈?……近日,部分学生家长和教育界人士就多地小学使用的语文教材提出质疑,认为“数十篇课文存在贬中崇洋倾向”。

其实,人社版语文教材惹来的争议非常多了,前段时间,有人质疑语文教材严重西化,外国人名地名、故事用得过多;有人质疑课本里传统文化太少,应该增加文言文、古诗词的分量;也有地方反其道而行之,减少古诗词的用量。还有人质疑教材中有造假成分,爱迪生救妈妈那篇课文的真实性引发很大的争议。而中学课本则常常为鲁迅的文章如何取舍而倍受争议。

语文教材的争议多,一个原因是众口难调。数千年以来,老祖宗留下的文化瑰宝不计其数,名篇佳作数不胜数,如何合理地把这些内容安排进语文课本中,本来就是一件非常困难的事,你怎么做都有人说好有人说不好。除了传统文化以外,教材当然还得涉猎国外的优秀文化,学贯中西方为好教材,一定比例的西方文化的加入能给教材添光加彩。

另一个原因则是教材被附加了很多功能。除了语言文字以外,还要传导正确的价值观,传播传统文化知识,它还要给科学给自然留一席之地,正因为功能多,就难免会在选择文章的标准上作出牺牲,就不一定是以文字的优劣为标准的。这都是很正常的事。

但是不管怎么争议,都应该拿数据、拿事实说话,比如西化的问题,盲目排斥国外优秀文学作品并不明智,至少在介绍科学的领域,无论如何也是避不开外国的,你不可能只谈祖冲之、张衡,而不谈牛顿、爱因斯坦,现代科学发端于西方,教材自然得依据事实说话。

还有本次所争议的贬中崇洋的问题。至少总是说中国小朋友形象负面并不符合事实,语文教材中有大量正面描写中国人优秀品质的内容。小学语文课本12册总共520篇文章,在判定某一类比例过高时,不能只拿其中的几个个例说话,也不能攻其一点不及其余,更不能选择对自己观点有利的证据说事,而忽视别的数据。而且这里面还有个取舍的问题,用外国名字说事,容易让人对号入座,被指向特定的国家、特定的人群,这正像国外的一篇课文里突然出现一篇说中国小朋友不好的文章,同样也会引起争议和反感。很多时候,这是一种礼貌的做法,不能动不动扣上贬中崇洋的帽子。

应该说现有的教材已经做了很好的兼顾,但这并不意味着没有改进的空间了,事实上语文教材最应该与时俱进,与这个时代的节拍一致。争议多说明改进空间大,争议本身就是在提意见,有些意见合理,有些不合理,教材修订的过程中,完全可以评估这些不同的声音,有则改之,无则加勉。

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