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畅销作家重写“三国”引争议

2017-08-13 14:52:04   中国青年网

本报讯(记者陈梦溪)近日,东方出版社推出《三国演义》成书六百年后的第二个版本《烈火三国》(上下卷),作者成君忆曾创作引发热议的《水煮三国》,此次新作颠覆罗贯中《三国演义》版本。在此书尚未在市场上销售时,《烈火三国》已经引起了三国迷的强烈兴趣和极大争议,对此成君忆表示等待大家的质疑。

“我对罗贯中只有感恩。”成君忆回应说,《三国演义》是一部伟大的著作:“‘罗版三国’是我的母体,我从它的里面诞生。我一点儿也没有超越它的意思。”

成君忆说,他的自信来自对历史事实的尊重以及他在历史学领域里长时间的探寻和发现。成君忆唯一担心的是读者们的成见,“因为这些成见,他们接受我可能需要一个过程。但我想这些应该不会影响到我的自信。我唯一需要的是做好准备,等待他们各种形式的质疑。”

成君忆说,罗贯中版《三国演义》虽然彪炳于历史,但自元末明初以来随着整个社会文化和价值观的几经流变,人们已经很难读懂字里行间的文学意义;几十年来,学者们对这部著作所做的研究,大都是从历史学、从考据学的层面上来批评它、指责它、颠覆它。罗贯中版《三国演义》尊崇刘备否定曹操,学者们却偏偏要否认刘备、歌颂曹操;罗贯中版《三国演义》歌颂诸葛亮“鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已”,学者们却偏偏要指责诸葛亮是“一代奸相”,要把诸葛亮和他的《出师表》“赶出中学课本”。成君忆说,他之所以创作“成版三国”,并不是为了标新立异,也不是为了故作惊人之论,而是为了与罗贯中版《三国演义》遥相呼应,形成支持。

东方出版社策划编辑王莉莉也承认书中内容充满争议,当她把初稿拿到编辑部时,立即引发了同事们的讨论。有人说:“一条大青蛇住进了汉灵帝的脑袋,于是就有了东汉末年的天下大乱?这种说法也太雷人啦!”有人说:“貂蝉竟然姓胡!竟然还有一个姐姐名叫却非,是关羽的妻子?”王莉莉把这些争议及时反馈给成君忆。成君忆沉默良久说:“你一定要支持我,不要随意改动我的文字,要让这部作品完整地呈现在读者们面前。”

在创作中成君忆思考得最多的,就是如何让通俗和深刻在创作中得到同时实现。在《三国演义》第七十八回,曹操请神医华佗治病,华佗说:“大王头脑疼痛,因患风而起。病根在脑袋中,风涎不能出,枉服汤药,不可治疗。某有一法,先饮麻肺汤,然后用利斧砍开脑袋,取出风涎,方可除根。”读者看不懂,以为华佗要给曹操做开颅的外科手术;医生们也看不懂,因为他们知道当时根本不可能完成那种外科手术。那么,究竟什么是风涎呢?成君忆解释说,涎就是口水,引申义就是贪欲,风涎就是造成人生种种焦虑和痛苦的欲望。为了帮助读者们更好地理解欲望,“成版三国”采用了更有视觉冲击力的寓言体写法:一条大青蛇住进了汉灵帝的脑袋,于是就有了东汉末年的天下大乱;一头山猪住进了曹操的脑袋,于是就有了曹操不断进取而又焦虑不安的一生。

成君忆看来,15年前他曾引发街谈巷议的那本《水煮三国》是调侃,是抖机灵,会产生阅读的快感,但《烈火三国》不是。《烈火三国》是深邃的,是那种洞若观火的深邃。“我已经过了那个抖机灵的年龄了,我一直在往深处看。这么多年来,我研究三国文化,为的就是看清隐藏在深处的真相。”成君忆说,只有真相才能给我丰富的灵感,才能创作出这么一个大部头的《烈火三国》来。J226

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