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“三减三健”防慢病

2017-08-15 07:55:17   中国青年网

徐骏/作

王冰洁

慢性病是居民健康最大的挑战之一,我国在经济快速增长的同时,也迎来了慢性病高负担期,给家庭、卫生系统和公共财政带来巨大压力。目前,中国明确诊断慢性病患者已超过2.36亿,慢性病导致的死亡人数已占总死亡人数的86.6%。中国疾病预防控制中心副主任梁晓峰表示,慢性病并不可怕,完全可以通过改变生活方式来预防。早在2007年9月1日,国家卫生计生委就提出通过“全民健康生活方式行动”提升健康水平,并从2009年起,国家拨专款扶持。

我国居民健康堪忧

盐超标 经过2007-2016年第一阶段“全民健康生活方式行动”后,我国居民人均食盐摄入量从12克降至10克,但与世界卫生组织的推荐量(6克)还有一定差距。研究证明,盐类摄入过多会导致高血压,引发脑卒中、心脑血管疾病,加大肾脏负担。

糖油过量 中国居民膳食指南推荐,每人每天油脂摄入量控制在20-30克,而我国居民平均水平达42克;儿童难抵含糖饮料的吸引,糖摄入量超标。过度摄入糖分和油脂,会导致体内堆积大量热量和脂肪,是引发糖尿病、心脑血管疾病的重要危险因素。

龋齿率高 “全国口腔健康流行病学调查”显示,我国5岁儿童乳牙患龋率为66%;65-74岁恒牙患龋率为98.4%。研究证明,口腔不健康可能增加患认知障碍症、抑郁症的风险,消化系统也会受牵连。

胖子多,骨头脆 1985-2014年,我国7岁以上学龄儿童超重率由2.1%增至12.2%,肥胖率由0.5%增至7.3%,过去的瘦猴儿变成了如今的小胖墩。近年,我国患骨质疏松的人群也在不断增加,且呈年轻化趋势,该病虽没有明显症状,但由此引起的活动受限,会引发其他疾病,如肺栓塞等。

梁晓峰指出,为解决我国日益严峻的慢性病问题,在国家卫生计生委的领导下,“全民健康生活方式行动”将重点开展“三减三健”专项行动。

“三减三健”有侧重人群

减盐、减油、减糖行动以餐饮从业人员、少年儿童、家庭主妇为主,开展培训、竞赛、评选等,引导餐饮企业、集体食堂积极控制食盐、油脂和添加糖用量,减少供应含糖饮料。联合学校开展教育课程设计,鼓励减少含糖饮料和高糖食品摄入,并着力开展“减盐控油在食堂,美味家庭促健康”“聪明识别添加糖”等活动。

“健康口腔行动”以少年儿童和老年人为主,增加口腔保健知识与技能培训;“健康体重行动”主要针对职业人群和少年儿童;“健康骨骼行动”以中青年和老年人为中心,教授他们如何预防骨质疏松,在企事业单位开展健步走、减重比赛,协助提供个性化健康指导和服务。

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