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弗州冲突酿惨剧 美种族裂痕添新伤

2017-08-14 20:15:54   国际在线

新华社北京8月14日电(全球热点)弗州冲突酿惨剧 美种族裂痕添新伤

新华社记者

美国弗吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔市集会的白人至上主义团体与反对者发生暴力冲突,造成30余人伤亡。分析人士解读,这起暴力事件是美国社会在种族问题上“新伤旧痛”的一次集中爆发。

 【新闻事实】

当地时间11日晚至12日,多个白人至上主义团体成员出现在夏洛茨维尔市的弗吉尼亚大学校园内,手持火炬集会示威,以反对该市今年早些时候决定拆除市内一座内战时期南方将领罗伯特·李的雕像,同时呼吁白人团结起来对抗少数族裔,维护自身利益。

随后,白人至上主义团体与反对者的对峙演变为暴力冲突,十几人在斗殴中受伤。来自俄亥俄州的20岁男子詹姆斯·菲尔茨驾车撞向反对者人群,导致一名32岁女子死亡、19人受伤,被警方以涉嫌谋杀罪逮捕。此外,两名驾驶警用直升机巡逻的警察因直升机坠毁死亡。12日中午,警方宣布集会非法,驱散各团体人员。

之后,特朗普两度就这一事件发声,但因表态含糊其辞,没有给事件定性、也未提及白人至上主义者,引发民主、共和两党议员批评。白宫13日发表声明替特朗普“补台”,称他要谴责的对象包括“若干白人至上主义和极端主义团体”。

 【深度分析】

中国现代国际关系研究院美国问题专家孙成昊认为,美国社会的种族问题从奥巴马执政以来就没有得到改善。美国社会贫富差距进一步扩大,尤其是白人在工作岗位遭到其他族裔挤压后,产生一种“被剥夺感”,导致对奥巴马国内政策的不满在特朗普执政期间集中爆发,不少白人甚至把特朗普的“美国优先”政策解读为“白人优先”。

在美生活多年的美国联邦最高法院出庭律师张军解读,自上世纪六十年代民权运动以来,白人至上团体势力越来越弱,直到去年美国总统选举期间才有所反弹。“此次暴力事件可能在美国国内引发严肃的大讨论,”他说,“今后种族主义的趋势是否会在美国再次抬头,值得关注。”

 【第一评论】

在美国,传统白人、老移民群体,与黑人、拉美裔和新移民之间的斗争导致的种族间撕裂正呈现出扩大的趋势。

当然,并不是特朗普当选或执政才催生了白人至上主义。一方面,全球化、科技进步以及金融危机的三重作用下,以“老人-白人-男性”居多的美国制造业衰退,中产阶级相对收入下降,种族和移民矛盾成为一系列经济问题的发泄出口;另一方面,白人人口加速下降趋势且老龄化问题严重,到2050年少数族裔将全面赶超白人人口数量,非西裔白人身份危机感上升。这些都催生了白人至上主义的迅猛抬头。

【相关链接】

弗吉尼亚州位于美国东南部,美国第三任总统、《独立宣言》主要起草人托马斯·杰斐逊1819年创立的弗吉尼亚大学就位于夏洛茨维尔市。

罗伯特·李1807年1月生于弗吉尼亚,是美国内战时期南方蓄奴州的统帅,曾因领导多场以寡敌众、以少胜多的战役而闻名。1865年4月9日,他在弗吉尼亚州阿波马托克斯郡向北方军队将领尤利西斯·格兰特投降,从而结束内战。

近年来,一些美国非洲裔和拉美裔居民开始向当地官员施压,要求后者拆除位于南卡罗来纳、新奥尔良、休斯敦等地的罗伯特·李雕像及其他带有内战时期南方印记的纪念物。(记者郭倩、王逸君、柳丝、闫洁,编辑鲁豫、周喆)

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