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二线城市竞发户籍“邀请函” 抢夺人才各有招

2017-08-14 10:13:10   中国经济网

对此,孙文凯表示,户口不能“包治百病”,只是“锦上添花”。如果没有优良的经济条件,户口的吸引力就大大降低了。尤其是对于中西部城市而言,同样的政策,与沿海城市相比,集聚效应就消了不少。

受访专家表示,下一步的户籍改革,不能避重就轻,要啃硬骨头。孙文凯认为,从户籍改革思路来说,一定要顺应经济规律,减少大城市的人口流入壁垒。为此,应增加人口流入地区的中央转移支付。

“随着城镇化的进一步发展,‘投靠型’城镇化趋势会愈发明显。过去是农民工进城,未来老人、孩子也会一起进城,对应的城市公共财政支出压力也会增大。”孙文凯说,除此之外,统筹社会保障也同样重要。

此外,城市规划和城市管理,交通拥堵、环境污染等“城市病”,与城市规划能力的不足关系密切。专家认为,要用合理的城市管理和规划,解决城镇化过程中的负面问题。

④ 一线城市收紧 控制人口增量

来自猎聘网的数据显示,今年一季度,全国人才净流入率最高的城市中,杭州、深圳、武汉、西安、苏州名列前五。北京、上海、广州虽名列前十,但人才流入率已低于很多二线城市

有学者指出,人才从特大城市流向二线、三线城市,可以优化国家人才配置,促进中、小城市更好地发展。

房价高企、落户不易,种种因素导致北京等一线城市的人才流入率放缓。今年,对于高校非京籍生源毕业生,北京依然实施户口指标“总量封顶”,且将继续大幅缩减。此前,清华大学和北京大学的就业报告已显示,2016年,两校毕业生的留京率就已跌破50%。

孙文凯认为,北京给户口指标设限,是希望通过控制“国有企业、政府机关、事业单位”等国有部门的户口指标数量,来限制人口增量。但是从实施情况来看,虽然对于调整人口规模有一定影响,但对人口总量的影响不大。

“决定人口总量的关键因素还是经济规律。”孙文凯说,户口作为一项公共福利,更多地起到“锦上添花”的作用。至于能不能就业、能挣多少钱,户籍政策的影响不大。

孙文凯指出,虽然对限制人口增长作用不大,但是户籍政策对于人口结构调整还是有一定影响。专业人才会因户口留在北京;农民工等群体,即便没有户口,可能也不会离开;而中间层的人才,到二线城市能够拿到户口,生活压力也小,就会离开北京。

专家认为,长此以往,北京等中国一线城市可能会和欧美大城市一样,出现中间层人才不足的现象。

孙文凯说,这一现象是随着市场规律自发形成的,有一定的合理性。但是现有的户口制度和户籍改革思路,也加剧了人才分层的过程。他建议,应根据情况适时、适当调整相关政策。

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