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送房、送户口、送钱 主流二线城市上演“抢人大战”

2017-08-08 02:01:53   国际在线

《中国经济周刊》记者 王红茹 | 北京报道

(本文刊发于《中国经济周刊》2017年第31期)

每年6月至7月,是毕业季也是就业季。今年有795万大学生步入社会,创历史新高。

为争夺人才,几个月来, 长沙、成都、武汉等众多主流二线城市纷纷抛出“送房子”“送户口”“送钱”等措施。795万大学毕业生将去哪儿?是选择表情“高冷”的一线城市,还是选择敞开大门笑脸相迎的主流二线城市?

毕业生一线城市扎根难

今年从北京航空航天大学毕业的硕士研究生小李,经过近半年的努力,终于被北京的一所高校接收,成为新北京人。

小李感慨说,“找到一份带户口的工作很不容易。从投递简历、获得面试、政审到录用,这个过程很煎熬。”

一线城市扎根不易,为什么还有那么多人愿意“漂”在这里?原因有很多,薪酬的吸引力是重要原因之一。智联招聘7 月份公布的报告显示,2017 年夏季求职期,全国37个主要城市中,北京的平均招聘月薪居于第一位,为9791 元,第二至第五名依次为上海(9337 元)、深圳(8866元)、杭州(7933 元)和广州(7754 元)。一线城市的薪酬吸引力由此可见一斑。

“这从一个侧面解释了为什么北京能吸引和聚集这么多的人口。”国家行政学院教授许耀桐向《中国经济周刊》记者分析,“人往高处走,水往低处流”。无论是从国内毕业的高端人才或是从海外归来的人才,首选依然是北上广深这些一线城市。

但是,近年来,一线城市落户政策逐渐收紧,北京更甚。

早在2014年,北京市人力社保局相关负责人就表示,当年进京指标不会突破1万人,以后会呈逐步趋紧态势。2015年北京市对高校应届毕业生的引进指标不超过9000人,“2016年只减不增”。

记者注意到,以往北京引进外地生源毕业生一直以“总量控制”为原则,今年则提出了“总量封顶”。尽管2017年进京名额尚未公布,但在“总量封顶”的背景下,预计今年外地生源进京落户指标难超9000人。

不只是北京,上海也在严控人口。数据显示,自2015年起,上海的流入人口持续转负。

随着一线城市接二连三出台了更为严厉的楼市限购、收紧户口等政策,逃离一线城市的呼声再次响起。那些逃离的人都去了哪里?

猎聘大数据显示,北京人才外流目标城市排名第二至第五的城市分别是深圳、杭州、天津、广州,这些地方吸纳的从北京外流人才分别为8.95%、6.25%、5.50%、4.26%。

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