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唐山南湖变迁背后的绿色追求

2017-08-14 06:48:10   中国青年网

夜幕降临,一轮明月映照在湖面上,湖边是茂密的树林和开阔的绿地,很多人在岸边散步。湖边上的小路上,鲜花盛开,绿草如茵。“我在这附近住了很多年,亲眼看到了巨大的变化。”一位年过六旬的老人看着眼前的景色说。

老人说,这里以前不叫“南湖”,而是堆满了煤渣和垃圾。附近的公交站分别叫“东窑”“瓷厂”“钢厂”“矿风井”,这足以印证附近重工业的发达。最重要的是,经历了唐山大地震之后,经历百年风雨的采煤区变成了更加明显的沉降区,到处是采煤过后的塌陷景象。当地人索性将这里变成垃圾堆放处,各种生活垃圾、建筑垃圾堆成了高达50米的垃圾山,空气中飘散着令人窒息的腐臭味,路过的人无不掩鼻躲避。

多年来,唐山市的人们提到这里都皱紧眉头,经过的时候都绕着走,很长一段时间,这个地方成了令唐山人避之不及的“弃地”。

而家在附近棚户区的人们颇不甘心,毕竟这里距离市区不过两公里左右,这块唐山城市边上的“伤疤”何时能愈合呢?

20世纪90年代后期,这里开始发生改变,煤渣开始清运,粉尘煤灰减少的同时,废弃地上开始种上树木。真正的变化来自2008年,当时,经过国内外设计机构的设计、论证,一场庞大的改造工程在这块昔日的“城市伤疤”上展开。

2008年3月1日,开始了“扩湖”“引水”,并对垃圾山封闭绿化。经过大手笔的改造,出现了树林、花海、道路,更重要的是,仅14个月之后,由16平方公里绿地环绕的11.5平方公里的水域出现在人们面前——这里成了“南湖城市中央生态公园”,并于2009年5月1日正式对外开放。

一年零两个月的时间,采煤沉降区的积水变成了风光旖旎的南湖,很多媒体由此感叹“变废为宝”“化腐朽为神奇”。从那时起,唐山人就经常流连、沉浸在如诗如画的环境里:臭味扑鼻的垃圾山变成了风景秀美的“凤凰台”,湖光山色,美不胜收。大大小小的湖泊,分别有“桃花潭”“龙泉湾”等充满诗意的名字,还有水面环绕的岛屿,分别叫“云凤岛”“香茗岛”等。人们漫步在120多个景点里,感受着“大南湖”的神奇魅力。这里成了唐山市民出游的好去处,不管是白天还是晚上,休闲、健身的人们与这里的山水融合在一起,成为唐山最美丽、最动人的风景。

然而,人们忘不了,为了这一片风景,这里曾关闭煤矿、搬迁工厂,在昔日的煤渣弃地上建成了市民广场。2012年11月,附近的棚户区数以万计的居民,搬出震后危旧平房,圆了安居梦。拆迁腾出的建设用地,成为“南湖生态城”的重要部分。

唐山人没有忘记历史,这是一座“因煤而建”的城市,诞生过中国近代工业史上数个“第一”——第一座机械化采煤矿井、第一条标准轨距铁路、第一台蒸汽机车等等。就在南湖生态风景区,建于1959年的唐山机车车辆厂铸钢车间厂房,在1976年大地震中受到破坏,如今,这里成为唐山地震遗址纪念公园的景观。人们在这里也感受到厚重的历史文化。

2016年4月29日至10月16日,世界园艺博览会在唐山南湖举行,这是首次利用采煤沉降地、不占用一分耕地举办的世界园艺博览会,成为世园会历史上展示从工业文明走向生态文明的“唐山样板”。

2009年10月,这里被授予首批“全国生态文化示范基地”称号,2010年4月,又被评为国家4A级景区。

借助世园会的效应和南湖的品质,唐山市在南湖周边新建了唐山大剧院、图书馆、城市规划展馆、工人文化宫、群艺馆、南湖国际会展中心等设施,南湖由此成了唐山人心中的新地标和城市新名片。

“这里以前是生活垃圾山,那里曾是建筑垃圾山,前边那一片,是煤灰煤渣的遗弃地。”一名工作人员向人们讲述着今昔巨大的变迁,流露出难以掩饰的自豪。

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