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现代农业绿色发展的方向

2017-08-12 08:07:24   中国青年网

本报记者 张力军

干旱缺墒、黑土流失、秸秆焚烧、大气污染、地力下降、土壤板结是传统农耕带来的巨大危害,也是几十年来困扰我省农业生产发展和粮食产量稳步增长的瓶颈,更是制约农业可持续发展、制约现代农业建设及农民增收致富的突出障碍。

我省农机系统十余年的实践,已为破解这一难题找到路径——以玉米秸秆还田覆盖免耕播种为核心的保护性耕作技术。

十年前,我省广大农机农艺科技推广人员会同中科院、中国农大、中国农科院等单位的专家学者,从绿色农业、绿色发展的理念出发,开始引进、试验、示范、推广以玉米秸秆还田覆盖免耕播种为核心的保护性耕作技术,从秸秆还田覆盖免耕、保水、保土入手,开始了玉米秸秆还田覆盖对土壤及水分作用与影响的研究试验工作,旨在通过接管覆盖还田免耕,实现种植玉米的同时培肥地力、疏松土壤、蓄水保墒、消除秸秆焚烧和可持续生态绿色农业发展。在众多吉林农机、农业科技推广人员和中国科学院、中国农科院的专家共同努力、艰苦创新下,2009年,我国第一台“康达”牵引式重型玉米免耕播种机在吉林康达农业机械有限公司诞生。“吉林康达”牵引式重型免耕播种机的问世,标志着我省乃至我国保护性耕作技术开启了从科研走向生产应用的新篇章,具有影响全国的里程碑意义。历经三年多时间的反复试验、验证、改进、完善,“吉林康达”终于在2012年走向成熟,实现了真正意义上的秸秆覆盖条件下的直接免耕播种作业,成为我国自主研发的专用玉米免耕播种机,标志着我国拥有了具有国际水准的保护性耕作关键机具。

有了保护性耕作最关键的专用机具,改变农民几千年来的观念、习惯就成了最大的问题。

为了让更多的农民了解、认识、接受这种“不整地、不打垄、不灭茬”、满地都是“苞米秸秆”就直接种地的生产方式,广大农机、农艺科技与推广人员开始了全面培训、典型示范、现场展示、补贴拉动等一系列推广推进行动,农机大户、农机合作社便成了保护性耕作技术的试验、演示、展示的示范场。示范户承担保护性耕作技术推广示范项目购置免耕播种机、深松机、玉米收获机、打药机等关键作业机具给予购机补贴,特别是购置关键机具——牵引式重型玉米专用免耕播种机更是给予总计超过70%的累加补贴,解决了农户买不起机具问题;对于接受和应用保护性耕作技术种植玉米的农户、地块给予了适度的作业补贴,解决了农户担心产量减少和冒风险必有补偿的心里调整问题;对于开展技术培训、指导服务的农机系统推广人员,给予了开展工作的差旅、交通和手段的经费缺乏问题,等等。一系列行之有效、求真务实、贴地气的措施,极大地调动了各方积极性、主动性和创造性,令保护性耕作技术由少变多、由小变大,在我省形成了快速发展、蔓延的喜人形势。

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