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实施黑土地保护利用 走农业绿色发展之路

2017-08-13 08:08:17   中国青年网

我省中部黑土地核心区土壤肥沃,耕作条件优越,是国家重要的商品粮生产基地,肩负着保障国家粮食安全的重大责任。近年来,我省紧紧围绕推进农业供给侧结构性改革这条主线,深入推进黑土地保护技术模式和整治体系建设,加快现代农业绿色转型步伐。

实施黑土地保护治理工程,推进黑土地保护综合治理。2014年起,我省启动实施“吉林省中部粮食主产区黑土地保护治理工程”。按照“由点扩面、先易后难,整合项目、综合治理”的原则,多部门协同作战,整合项目资源,实行综合治理,建设高标准农田23万亩,推广保护性耕作200万亩,推广秸秆腐熟剂27万亩,增施有机肥60万亩,农田防护林更新改造1.06万亩。农业灌溉用水污染防治和畜禽养殖污染防治等项目同步推进。2015年,我省制定《吉林省黑土地保护治理“十三五”规划》,对黑土地保护进行了统筹规划和部署。

以黑土地保护利用试点为契机,探索黑土地保护技术模式和运行机制。2015年起,我省以榆树市、公主岭市、农安县和松原市宁江区等4个“东北黑土地保护利用试点”县(市、区)为突破口,按照“控制水土流失、增加土有机质、保水保肥、种植养地作物、调控土壤养分”的技术路线,大力推广应用秸秆还田、增施有机肥、深翻深松、养分调控、粮豆轮作及耕地质量监测等技术。2016年,实施试点保护面积40万亩,实施秸秆还田26.37万亩,增施有机肥27.35万亩,养分调控6.57万亩,玉米大豆轮作9.82万亩,深松面积10.3万亩,建立40个耕地质量监测站,深入探索黑土地保护利用技术模式和运行机制。目前,各试点初步建立了适合本区域的黑土地保护技术模式和运行机制。据统计,项目每年带动了70余个农业合作社、80余个农机合作社、40余户种粮大户、30多个肥料生产企业参与到黑土地保护工作中。

依托测土配方施肥技术,加强黑土地养分管理。从发放施肥卡,到建立专家施肥系统,再到设立触摸屏、测土配方施肥手机信息化服务,我省测土配方施肥技术服务方式全面升级,全省粮食作物已实现测土配方施肥全覆盖。目前,我省正积极推广缓控释肥料,推进配方肥应用,促进农业减肥增效,力争到2020年实现化肥零增长或负增长。

推进农作物秸秆还田,提升黑土耕地质量。近年来,我省通过项目带动、示范推广、政策补贴等方式积极推进秸秆还田。先后组织实施耕地保护与质量提升项目、农作物秸秆综合利用试点、有机质提升项目,每年财政补贴资金逾1亿元,推进秸秆还田和有机肥料应用。目前,我省秸秆覆盖还田技术应用面积100余万亩;玉米秸秆粉碎翻压还田技术应用面积10余万亩。此外,在榆树市等畜禽养殖区,与企业合作开展秸秆堆沤腐熟还田技术应用。

全面推动土壤保护创制性立法,提高黑土地保护力度。黑土地保护涉及多部门、多行业、多领域。为了有效整合资源,最大限度发挥保护黑土地作用,2015年初,黑土地保护条例被列为吉林省人大常委会立法调研项目;2016年初,吉林省人大常委会将黑土地保护条例列为立法完成项目,并成立立法工作领导小组;2016年9月27日,省人大召开了常委会议审议了《吉林省黑土地保护条例》(草案),条例草案顺利通过一审。《条例》(一审稿)明确了黑土地保护范围,包括耕地、林地、草地、园地和湿地等所有的黑土地资源,明确了黑土地保护的主体责任,并写入表土剥离、占补平衡等黑土地保护措施,确保黑土地数量不减少,质量不降低。目前,条例已进入二审程序。

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