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陕西:保护耕地资源 助力绿色发展

2017-08-12 08:24:23   中国青年网

本报记者 吴莎莎

8月10日,省土壤肥料工作站的工作人员正在电脑上试用耕地质量查询系统,查看全省耕地质量相关信息。据悉,由省土壤肥料工作站和西北农林科技大学合作建设的耕地质量数据中心已于今年3月建成,待验收后就可投入应用。该数据中心为全省所有县(区)的耕地质量建立起电子档案,通过查询系统,能够实现全省耕地质量的属性查询和实时更新。这是我省在耕地保护工作上的又一项举措。

据了解,2016年全省耕地面积为5984.23万亩,不到全国20多亿亩耕地面积的3%,耕地保护任务十分艰巨。在加快推进新型城镇化建设的同时,如何保护宝贵耕地?

今年1月10日,中共中央、国务院印发了《关于加强耕地保护和改进占补平衡的意见》,这是近20年来我国印发的首个关于土地管理的文件,为做好新时期耕地保护工作提供了根本遵循和指引。

我省按照推进农业供给侧结构性改革的要求,统筹耕地保护和经济社会发展、生态文明建设的关系,坚持最严格的耕地保护制度和最严格的节约用地制度。2016年,全省耕地保有量、基本农田保护面积和耕地占补平衡补充耕地任务分别为5920万亩、5284万亩和20万亩。通过严格的耕地保护措施,我省顺利完成了这三项目标任务。

在耕地保护上“当战士,不当绅士”。我省从严管控非农建设占用永久基本农田,对非法占用、破坏永久基本农田的行为进行严厉查处、重典问责。全面落实基本农田保护责任区制度,探索实行“田长制”,在杨凌、韩城开展护田员区域保护、监管补贴试点,确保实现全天候、无死角巡查监管。按照“谁保护、谁受益”原则,探索设立耕地保护补偿基金,推进耕地保护从“要我保”到“我要保”的转变,将耕地保护责任落实情况与耕地保护补偿资金分配相挂钩,以经济手段构筑“保护防线”,充分调动广大农民保护永久基本农田的积极性。

我省开展耕地保护工程建设,充分挖掘后备资源,稳步推进延安治沟造地土地整治重大工程。该项目建设规模50.4万亩,建成后可新增耕地4.63万亩。2016年,我省还完成了城市周边永久基本农田划定工作,城市周边新划入永久基本农田34万多亩。

此外,我省农业部门通过加强新增耕地后期培肥改良,积极推进耕地轮作休耕试点,加强轮作休耕耕地管理,建立健全耕地质量和耕地产能评价制度等,全面开展耕地保护和质量提升,构建耕地质量保护长效机制,夯实农业发展基础,促进农业可持续发展,实现“藏粮于地”。

为了贯彻落实绿色发展理念,减少化肥过量施用带来的面源污染,2016年我省在14个县(区)实施测土配方施肥项目,共推广测土配方施肥728万亩。2016年,我省在礼泉等11个项目县(区)继续组织实施农业部耕地保护与质量提升项目,分别推广增施有机肥、秸秆还田腐熟、盐碱地土壤综合改良培肥等3种技术模式。项目区农作物平均增产5%以上,秸秆还田率达到95%以上,改良后的项目区土壤pH值稳定在8.0以下,耕地综合生产能力稳步提升。

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