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提高社会治理的公众参与度(治理之道)
2017-08-13 04:12:13 中国青年网
社会治理是国家治理的重要组成部分,有效的社会治理体制是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要基础。党的十八大以来,我国逐渐形成了“党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障”的社会治理体制机制,对推动经济发展、维护社会稳定、提升政府公信力、增进人民福祉等发挥了重要作用。经过几年发展,党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、法治保障的支持架构正在稳步完善,这几年各地成功实践的网格化社会治理、政府购买社会服务和枢纽型社会组织构建等便是重要体现。相对而言,社会治理的公众参与度尚不够高。这既有公众内在原因,如个人价值取向不同、责任意识有别等;也有外在原因,如公众参与的保障或配套制度不健全、渠道与方式不丰富等。进一步提高社会治理水平,应注重提高公众参与度。
坚持制度先行。无规矩不成方圆。科学的制度是社会治理有序进行的基本保障。推动公众参与社会治理,必须坚持制度先行。应以制度创新为重点,加强公众参与社会治理的体制机制建设,完善配套性政策体系,为公众参与社会治理提供保障和便利。在发挥好政府治理作用的基础上,健全利益表达、利益协调、利益保护机制,引导人们依法行使权利、表达诉求、解决纠纷,实现政府治理和社会调节、居民自治良性互动。在加强制度建设的同时,还应着力构建公众参与的平台和载体。适度的组织化有利于推动公众有序参与、有效参与、规范参与,能够充分发挥广大人民群众在居民自治、化解社会矛盾等方面的作用。因此,应改革创新社会组织管理制度,鼓励和支持社会力量参与社会治理、公共服务,激发社会活力。积极培育社会组织特别是社区组织,将其打造为社区服务供给的主体、公众参与社区发展的平台和履行公共责任的载体。
推动项目式参与。在社区治理层面,可以在政府购买社会服务项目的过程中引入“项目带动”和“体验激发”等新流程,增强公众参与体验,激发公众参与热情。在项目确定的初始阶段就可引入公众参与,如构建公众需求与建议发现机制,了解、评估和吸收公众对项目的合理化建议,使项目设计与公众需求相匹配;在项目招标阶段应完善竞争机制,利用公益创投方式,选择“接地气”的项目;在项目落实阶段,应进一步创新公众参与的方式与渠道,比如在社区公园建设项目中吸纳社区公众参与方案设计和公园建设等具体环节。“项目带动”和“体验激发”既能大大提高公众参与的积极性,也能显著增强城乡社区的服务功能。
提升公众参与能力。有效的公众参与不是公众个体行动的简单汇总。作为社会治理的一个重要维度,公众参与具有系统性。推动公众有效参与社会治理,需要整合社区、社会组织、群团组织、企业等多方面力量,发挥其各自的优势和功能,实现多主体联动,充分发挥群众参与社会治理的作用。应发现并树立社区典型,对社区居民参与公共活动和社区治理起到示范和引领作用。通过社区讲堂、公益宣传、社区历史与文化展示等多种方式,培养和提升社区居民的公共意识和社会责任感,提升他们的参与能力。
(作者为华南农业大学公共管理学院教授)
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