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一部唐代社会生活百科全书的全新解读

2017-08-13 03:41:54   中国青年网

唐代笔记小说的代表作品《酉阳杂俎》,作者段成式,出生于世代簪缨之家,其祖段志玄是唐代开国功臣,父亲段文昌是中晚唐时期宰相。因家族及官职之便,段成式遍览宫中藏书,博学精敏,文章冠于一时。《酉阳杂俎》材料丰富,内容驳杂。主要材料来源有从古书中摘引,有从旁人口中听说,也有唐代流行的传说异事;所记人物主要活动在魏晋时期及初盛唐时期,从皇帝宰辅士大夫到道士僧人穷书生,以及贩夫走卒等,均有涉及;主要内容则有道教传说、佛教传说、唐代社会生活、文化艺术、风俗习惯、奇闻异事、文人掌故等等,有妖魔鬼怪,也有凡人俗事,堪称唐代社会生活的百科全书。鲁迅先生在《中国小说史略》里说《酉阳杂俎》“古艳颖异”,可以“与(唐)传奇并驱争先”。周作人更是毫不掩饰自己的喜爱:“往昔读说部,最爱段柯古。”(段成式字柯古)。然而,《酉阳杂俎》书中涉及魏晋及唐代生活器物、饮食习惯、动植物、药材等方方面面,再加上段成式本人学识渊博,所记之事求新求奇,因而书中难解之处很多,如目录有一卷名“诺臯记”“支诺臯”,用什么典故,是什么意思,目前都无法解释。所以自唐代起,这本书就少有注释者,对普通读者来说,阅读有很大的难度,这也是《酉阳杂俎》长期以来只在文学研究圈流传,知名度远不及其他笔记小说的原因。

近日,首届茅盾文学奖获得者、87岁作家李国文推出他研究《酉阳杂俎》的解读版本——《李国文评注酉阳杂俎》,旨在引起大家对这部书的关注。因为《酉阳杂俎》,实在是“一部了不起的好书。在中国古籍中,这部承前启后的《酉阳杂俎》,是我们这个伟大民族文化传统中关于想象力的集大成者,值得一读,必须一读”。他不仅认为“段成式是个很在意文字的巨匠”,肯定《酉阳杂俎》反映的唐代社会生活的丰富内容,更从小说家的角度,突出了《酉阳杂俎》记载的各类传说中凸显出的属于唐人的奇崛想象力。可以说,这是现代博学小说家与唐代博学小说家的一次强强联合,一部唐代社会生活百科全书的全新解读。

华西都市报-封面新闻记者张杰 实习生漆海毅

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