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科学饮奶,避免乳糖不耐受(健康新概念)

2017-08-12 05:22:20   中国青年网

目前,全球75%的成年人会出现乳糖不耐受现象,这是因为那些四五十岁的人本来是乳糖耐受者,但随着肠胃功能的减退,乳糖摄入量减少,更易出现乳糖不耐受症状。在近日举行的蒙牛新养道“见证好营养”2017健康公益行活动上,中国营养学会监事会副主任翟凤英教授表示,乳糖不耐受情况由来已久,我国表现较严重,要科学饮奶,避免乳糖不耐受。

翟凤英说,乳糖不耐受是由于机体乳糖酶分泌少,不能完全消化分解母乳或牛乳中的乳糖所引起的非感染性腹泻,又称乳糖酶缺乏症。在我国,乳糖不耐受和乳糖酶缺乏症以成人为主,成人发生率在80%以上,学龄儿童发生率也较高,超过80%。

出现乳糖不耐受,与人种、年龄和个人饮食习惯等有关。如一些老年人年轻时接触不到奶源,长期不喝奶,从而加重乳糖不耐受的情况。也有些人出国后,如长期定居在美国、加拿大一带,会发现自己喝牛奶不适的症状有所减轻,这可能与当地牛奶购买方便,个人饮奶增加有关。

翟凤英说,出现乳糖不耐受症状有3个原因。首先,乳糖酶缺乏或降低,这其中又分为先天性乳糖酶缺乏和继发性乳糖酶缺乏;其次,个人结肠代谢紊乱,细菌可将乳糖发酵成气体和短链脂肪酸,形成甲烷、乙酸、丁酸、丙酸等气体;此外,滥用抗生素,破坏肠道菌群,导致糖类吸收不良,并破坏肠黏膜,影响吸收功能,减少体内乳糖酶,进而诱发或加重乳糖不耐受。

翟凤英强调,喝零乳糖牛奶可解决乳糖不耐受问题。缺乏乳糖酶的人,要想减轻乳糖不耐受症状,就要阻止乳糖摄入,选择零乳糖配方牛奶是解决该问题的好方法。所谓“零乳糖”,并不是改变牛奶的成分,而是奶制品在生产过程中,把乳糖本应该在回肠被消化的工作提前做好,将乳糖提前分解成半乳糖和葡萄糖,这样就避免了乳糖在回肠中得不到很好消化而造成不耐受的问题。

乳糖不耐受的人还可以补充肠道益生菌,用以改善肠道的pH值,提高肠道工作效率,建立正常的益生菌菌落群,也可促进对乳糖的分解。此外,还可以在喝牛奶之前吃点东西,如面包、馒头等,或少量多次饮奶、喝酸奶,都能帮助稀释牛奶当中的乳糖浓度,缓解不适症状。

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