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国家药物滥用监测年度报告:海洛因滥用势头得到遏制 “冰毒”流行强度持续增强

2017-08-11 18:07:00   中国经济网

中国经济网北京8月11日讯 国家食品药品监督管理总局官网11日发布《国家药物滥用监测年度报告(2016年)》(以下简称《报告》)。《报告》显示,2016年我国海洛因滥用势头得到进一步遏制,但需要关注较高的复发率,成毒品滥用程度远大于传统毒品,“冰毒”流行强度持续增强。

《报告》指出,海洛因滥用势头得到进一步遏制,需要关注较高的复发率。海洛因滥用者占比(45.0%)与2015年相比下降3.6个百分点,近五年呈持续下降趋势。海洛因滥用人群复发率高,有复发经历者占63.1%,其中戒毒3次及以上者占复发人群的23.0%,提示海洛因滥用人群的戒毒康复、防复发仍是禁吸戒毒工作的重要内容。

合成毒品滥用程度远大于传统毒品,“冰毒”流行强度持续增强。《报告》称,含甲基苯丙胺的毒品(“冰毒”、“麻谷丸”)(占比55.1%)是我国流行滥用的主要合成毒品,且呈增长趋势。“冰毒”滥用者占合成毒品滥用人群的87.4%,五年累计上升13.5个百分点,流行强度持续增强。新发生药物滥用人群中,合成毒品占比(86.8%)较2015年下降2.5个百分点,但仍保持在高位;传统毒品占比(10.2%)保持在近五年的相对低位。新发生药物滥用人群中,“冰毒”滥用比例是海洛因的8.4倍。

同时,青少年、低学历人群为药物滥用高危人群,应加强针对性预防宣传教育。男性、35岁以下、初中及以下文化程度、无业者是药物滥用的高危人群,其中初中及以下低学历者占全部监测数据的81.5%,占新发生滥用人群的79.4%,应进一步加强对初中及以下文化程度的青少年的预防宣传教育工作。

《报告》称,2016年,全国共采集药物滥用监测调查表27.6万份,监测数据报告单位包括强制隔离戒毒机构、禁毒执法机构、美沙酮维持治疗门诊、自愿戒毒机构、社区戒毒机构、精神专科医院和综合医院。2017年,我国将进一步加强基础性建设,逐步建立健全药物滥用监测法律法规、规章制度和技术规范,完善药物滥用监测系统,拓宽医疗机构报告途径,扩大监测系统的覆盖人群,开展专项调查与研究评价,逐步建立药物滥用风险评估、预警和通报机制,为打赢禁毒工作人民战争,严格管控药品风险提供支持。

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