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2016中国药物滥用报告:海洛因滥用势头得到遏制

2017-08-11 14:36:39   央广网

中新网8月11日电 据国家食品药品监督管理总局网站消息,日前,国家食品药品监督管理总局发布《国家药物滥用监测年度报告(2016年)》。年度报告对2016年我国药物滥用监测情况进行了分析,重点描述了海洛因、合成毒品、医疗用药品以及新发生药物滥用情况,并通过比较近五年的监测数据,显示了中国药物滥用现状、特征以及流行趋势。

报告显示,2016年,全国共采集药物滥用监测调查表27.6万份,监测数据报告单位包括强制隔离戒毒机构、禁毒执法机构、美沙酮维持治疗门诊、自愿戒毒机构、社区戒毒机构、精神专科医院和综合医院。

报告指出,2016年中国药物滥用监测数据呈现以下特点:

一是监测能力进一步提升,药物滥用形势总体可控。全国收集的药物滥用监测调查表比2015年增加10.7%,监测能力进一步提升。新发生药物滥用人群占比(10.6%)比2015年降低0.8个百分点,总体上升趋势变缓。

二是合成毒品滥用程度远大于传统毒品,“冰毒”流行强度持续增强。含甲基苯丙胺的毒品(“冰毒”、“麻谷丸”)(占比55.1%)是我国流行滥用的主要合成毒品,且呈增长趋势。“冰毒”滥用者占合成毒品滥用人群的87.4%,五年累计上升13.5个百分点,流行强度持续增强。新发生药物滥用人群中,合成毒品占比(86.8%)较2015年下降2.5个百分点,但仍保持在高位;传统毒品占比(10.2%)保持在近五年的相对低位。新发生药物滥用人群中,“冰毒”滥用比例是海洛因的8.4倍。

三是海洛因滥用势头得到进一步遏制,需要关注较高的复发率。海洛因滥用者占比(45.0%)与2015年相比下降3.6个百分点,近五年呈持续下降趋势。海洛因滥用人群复发率高,有复发经历者占63.1%,其中戒毒3次及以上者占复发人群的23.0%,提示海洛因滥用人群的戒毒康复、防复发仍是禁吸戒毒工作的重要内容。

四是医疗用药品滥用/使用形势稳定,吗啡制剂、含可待因复方口服液体制剂应持续监测。医疗用药品滥用/使用者11,132例,占全部监测数据的4.0%,稳定在较低水平。滥用/使用数量前5位医疗用药品为美沙酮口服液/片(3,313例)、吗啡(含吗啡控/缓释片)(2,518例)、地西泮(1,749例)、曲马多(1,711例)和复方地芬诺酯片(524例),重点关注的复方甘草片和含可待因复方口服液体制剂分别为298例和814例。吗啡制剂、含可待因复方口服液体制剂滥用/使用占比,与2015年相比分别增加0.5和0.1个百分点,应引起关注并持续监测。

五是青少年、低学历人群为高危人群,应加强针对性预防宣传教育。男性、35岁以下、初中及以下文化程度、无业者是药物滥用的高危人群,其中初中及以下低学历者占全部监测数据的81.5%,占新发生滥用人群的79.4%,应进一步加强对初中及以下文化程度的青少年的预防宣传教育工作。

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