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制定专门反家庭暴力法势在必行

2017-08-11 15:11:44   中国青年网

编者按

11月25日是联合国确定的国际消除对妇女暴力日。据统计,世界范围内至少有三分之一的妇女在其一生中遭受过暴力、性虐待和虐待。家庭暴力和其他暴力一样,是侵犯公民基本人权的违法行为,对于个人、家庭和社会等各方面都产生严重的负面影响。预防和制止家庭暴力已经成为国际社会共识。制定一部综合性的预防和制止家庭暴力的专门法律,无疑是进一步完善中国特色社会主义法律体系,保障公民人权、构建和谐社会的重要立法措施。本报从今天开始将围绕反家暴法制定中的重点难点问题进行系列报道。

□本报记者朱宁宁

幸福和谐的家庭是构建和谐社会的基本单位。家庭暴力的存在,是对人权的粗暴践踏。有调查显示,24.7%的中国女性遭受过不同程度的家庭暴力,每年约有10万个家庭因为家暴而解体。家庭暴力已经成为破坏家庭和社会稳定,影响社会和谐发展的严重问题。

目前预防和制止家庭暴力立法已列入十二届全国人大常委会立法规划,《法制日报》记者从有关部门获悉,反家庭暴力法草案正在进行调研论证工作,并有望于近日对外公布。可以说,我国的反家暴法已经有了相当广泛的思想基础与社会基础。

立法一小步,社会前进一大步。对于呼之欲出的反家暴法,多位法学专家表示,此举将有利于填补国家专门立法的空白,进一步保障公民基本人权,完善社会主义法律体系,实现社会主义核心价值观,将给社会带来巨大的进步。同时,对中国保护人权事业与建设社会主义法治国家产生重要的推动作用。

现行法律法规难以有效应对

据了解,我国婚姻法、妇女权益保障法和未成年人保护法等法律中都明确禁止家庭暴力,全国29个省、市、自治区出台了相应的地方性法规。2008年,全国妇联联合中央宣传部、最高人民检察院、公安部、民政部、司法部、卫生部制定了《关于预防和制止家庭暴力的若干意见》。虽然已经搭建起由国家立法、地方法性规及相关规定构成的反家暴立法框架,但这些现行法律法规仍然难以有效应对家庭暴力,保护受害人利益。

“我国目前已有的相关规定散见于不同的法律法规之中,相互之间缺乏衔接,体例不够系统、规范,内容不够周延、完整。”中国政法大学教授夏吟兰分析指出,由于现行法律法规的规定过于原则抽象,存在立法空白,缺乏可操作性,难以在审判实践中被切实遵从。而地方性法规则因位阶较低,对于法律程序、举证责任、救助措施等基本法层面的现有规定难以有实质性的突破。此外,现有规范侧重于事后惩治,对正在实施的家庭暴力和持续发生的暴力行为缺乏及时、有效的事先干预和防范措施。在反对家庭暴力的司法实践中仍然存在着取证难、认定难、救助难、追究法律责任更难的窘境。

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