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新三板大宗交易制度势在必行

2017-08-09 07:13:03   中国经济网

自2012年9月份成立以来,新三板市场经历了快速成长的过程。到2016年年底,新三板挂牌公司数量过万家,总市值超过4万亿元。数量与规模迅猛增长的背后也要清醒看到,新三板市场流动性不足问题一直未得到根本性改善。

2016年新三板市场出现交投清淡、成交萎缩、指数下行的情况;2017年流动性较2016年不升反降,一季度,新三板计划发行股票融资438.11亿元,同比下降62.86%,环比下降85.58%。一季度完成股票发行融资288.78亿元,同比下降21.59%,环比下降43.95%。数据表明,流动性不足已成为影响新三板市场持续健康发展的最大阻碍。

解决流动性不足问题,迫切需要建立新三板大宗交易制度。大宗交易双方可以在场外匹配、协商,使得大宗交易需求者容易找到对手方迅速成交,可降低交易的时间成本;买卖双方能够在市场允许的幅度内,选择溢价、折价或平价成交,从而降低大额订单分割交易对市场的影响。大宗交易制度可以降低即时行情分析、搜索选择交易对象而产生的交易成本,也减少了由于延迟错过最佳交易时间而产生的损失。大宗交易平台为大宗股权的转让提供了安全、便捷、专有的交易平台,提高了证券市场的流动性和稳定性,避免股价大幅波动,是二级市场交易的重要补充。

深圳证券交易所和上海证券交易所分别于2002年和2003年推出了大宗交易制度。新三板市场缺乏大宗交易制度,不能有效满足机构投资者履行“对赌”协议和员工激励方案,以及引入战略投资者等特定需求。在目前做市商做市资金相对不足的情况下,挂牌企业股东大宗股票通过做市商转让给投资者的交易通道尚未有效建立,二级市场无法承受退出期限到达时股东减持大宗股权的冲击。

新三板大宗交易制度势在必行,但政策安排要从以下几个方面考虑。

首先,大宗交易市场准入多元化。鼓励公募基金、社保基金、保险资金等长期持股的机构投资者进入大宗交易平台。市场实施分层制度后,挂牌企业的投资风险差异化,鉴于大宗交易的隐蔽性,创新层企业的股票被优先选入大宗交易具有合理性。其次,对交易标的接手方在证券二级市场的出售数量和相应的出售时间进行适当的约束限制,以防止资金通过短期交易投机逐利,避免冲击二级市场价格。第三,交易方式和价格差别化。新三板大宗交易是解决流动性不足的重要机制,大宗交易的时间不宜设计过短,创新层挂牌企业预计将先实施未来可能引入的集合竞价制度,未来这部分企业的股票存在先于基础层企业由盘后交易过渡为盘中交易的可能性。同时,鉴于新三板市场定价机制尚未有效建立,对大宗交易价格的限制可适当放开。第四,信息披露差别化。市场分层较高的挂牌企业股票大宗交易对市场影响较大,可考虑实施相对严格的要求;对于基础层的企业股票,尽管投资风险较大,但交易机会少且市场影响力低,可考虑实施延期和隐形等宽松的信息披露要求。第五,加强行政与自律监管的有机结合,对内幕交易、操纵市场等违规违法行为坚决打击,维护广大散户投资者的利益,促进市场健康稳定发展。第六,鼓励做市商积极参与大宗交易,及时了解和满足机构投资者的投资需求和挂牌企业的并购需求。第七,降低交易费用和市场信息不对称,提高新三板大宗交易制度的宣传力度和使用率。

( 原文来源;经济日报 作者:姚 云 刘平安 单位:中国社科院投融资研究中心)

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