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适应新常态 培育陕西经济发展新动能

2017-08-11 09:39:34   中国青年网

孙早 刘航

省第十三次党代会报告提出:要以“培育新动能、构筑新高地、激发新活力、共建新生活、彰显新形象”为战略任务,走出一条“具有陕西特色的发展之路”。这一战略任务,正是贯彻中央要求、适应经济新常态、结合陕西发展实际而提出的。培育陕西经济发展的新动能,是“五新”战略任务的首要任务,是确保完成其他任务的先决条件,是决胜全面小康、奋力追赶超越的根本支撑。

近年来,陕西GDP增速高于全国平均水平,在全国排名不断提升。尽管传统的二元结构红利、人口红利及技术后发优势仍有一定的释放空间,但经济增长中的种种结构性矛盾同样存在,其对陕西经济平稳、高质量发展的潜在威胁值得警惕。深入推进陕西“五新”战略任务,全面认识、适应、引领经济新常态,培育、塑造、激发陕西经济发展的新动能,对于陕西经济社会发展行稳致远、加快富民强省步伐,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。

第一,通过调结构释放供给侧的推动力。 现阶段利用需求总量政策刺激经济增长的传统策略已很难奏效,而更多地应通过供给侧改革来解决制约中长期增长的结构性矛盾,推动陕西经济长期增长。一是优化投入结构。全面深化要素市场改革,完善要素价格形成机制;健全投融资和并购重组监管体系,扩大中小微企业直接融资的渠道;加强招工就业的信息发布和政策引导,为务工人员提供全方位社会保障,支持职业技术教育,扩大知识技能型劳动力供给。二是优化产业和组织结构。通过产业渗透与融合促进传统产业创新;以新技术、新产品、新服务引导消费层次升级,以新供给激发新的市场需求;抓住“一带一路”契机,推动企业开展国际产能与装备制造合作,让陕西产业资本与国外优质资源充分结合;鼓励微观主体采取更灵活的股权设置和组织管理,推动陕西国有企业混合所有制改革。三是优化市场和分配结构。进一步打破部门分割和地方保护,加快融入全国统一大市场;推进适应新产业、新业态发展需要的市场制度建设,如“互联网+”、低空飞行、智能微电网、新型养老、共享经济等;构建体现增加知识价值的收入分配机制,完善收入分配调控体制机制。

第二,激发技术创新的驱动力。 实现陕西全要素生产率驱动的内生经济增长,摆脱对资本深化带动的数量型增长的路径依赖,必须最大限度地激励企业创新,推动技术进步,提升技术效率和要素配置效率。一是建立良好的市场秩序,鼓励企业研发创新。引导建立适应创新需要的垄断竞争市场结构;实行严格的知识产权保护和商业秘密保护制度;改进新技术、新产品、新商业模式的准入管理,为企业自主创新营造良好竞争环境。二是优化企业为主体的创新活动中的政府职能。建立技术创新市场导向机制,弱化政府主导的强制性技术变迁。政府应更多地运用财政后补助、间接投入等方式,协调提升各类主体创新能力,扭转不公平竞争导致的行业间非均衡技术进步。三是发挥科教资源优势,抢占未来发展制高点。结合陕西科研优势,瞄准新材料、新能源、量子技术、人工智能等产业发展前沿,前瞻部署、集中突破,形成更多面向市场的原创性成果。鼓励陕西大专院校和科研机构积极参与国家重大科技专项,加大微电子、通信、重大装备、航空航天等领域科技攻关。

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