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从供给侧发力壮大服务业新动能

2017-08-11 08:08:43   中国青年网

当前,我国正处在增强服务业经济增长主引擎作用的重要时期,服务业具备“追赶型增长”“创新引领型增长”的双重潜力,需要以更大力度推进供给侧结构性改革,消除体制机制障碍,壮大服务业新动能,为经济平稳增长提供持续动力。

2017年上半年,我国服务业保持了快速发展势头,服务业增加值同比增长7.7%,增速比去年同期加快0.2个百分点,且连续12个季度实现对GDP和第二产业的“双超越”,服务业增加值占GDP比重上升到54.1%,服务业对GDP增长的贡献率为59.1%,高于第二产业21.3个百分点。

服务业新动能正在加快成长

上半年,我国服务业新动能不断涌现并加快成长,成为经济增长的突出亮点。

另一方面,“创新引领型增长”的潜力逐步显现。随着现代信息技术的普及,大量基于互联网的新兴行业和业态层出不穷,为服务业增长开辟了新的源泉。以市场规模位居世界前列的网络零售为例,今年上半年,我国网络零售额为3.1万亿元,同比增长33.4%,其中非实物商品网络零售额增长高达51.6%。行业内的领先企业初步建立起技术、商业模式优势,并加快全球网络布局,实现了与发达国家“并跑”甚至“领跑”。

以开放创新增强服务业新动能

当前和今后一个时期,进一步增强服务业新动能,要在开放创新上下功夫,做好以下两方面的工作:

一是推动服务业高水平的双向开放。与发达国家相比,我国服务业的开放水平有待提高,一些隐性壁垒仍然存在。服务企业“走出去”的相关投资审批、外汇管理、人员出入境、金融支持等还有较大改进空间,专业化的境外投资服务发展不足,与中国制造“走出去”缺乏有效协同。为此,需要对标国际投资贸易规则,提高自贸试验区等建设质量,加快推广成熟经验,扩大服务业外资准入。同时,通过深度参与全球化、加快“一带一路”建设,加大对服务企业“走出去”的指导和服务,增强其全球布局及资源配置能力,不断拓展服务业增长的新空间。

二是创新服务业发展的体制机制。目前,我国一些服务行业的准入障碍和行业垄断有待破除,公平竞争环境还需改善,部分具有混业、跨界特点的服务行业和业态还存在多头监管、重复监管问题,财税金融的激励和导向作用发挥不足。为此,需要深化“负面清单”改革,完善环保、安全、技术等方面的准入条件;加强产权保护,促进不同所有制企业、不同规模企业及线上线下企业的平等竞争;增大服务类政府采购的比重,有效调动社会力量参与提供公共服务的积极性,大力发展动产融资服务;建立统一高效、开放包容、多元共治的监管体系,探索适合于“互联网+”、分享经济的监管方式,更好引导技术、商业模式创新的市场化及产业化,不断增强服务业发展的活力和动力。(作者单位:国务院发展研究中心市场经济研究所)

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