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妙趣横生的闽剧《苏秦还乡》

2017-08-11 05:28:12   中国青年网

闽剧《苏秦还乡》剧照,右一为苏代(李燕发饰)。 卢旭摄

福建省长乐市大众闽剧团近日进京演出新编戏《苏秦还乡》。苏秦的故事在民间可谓是家喻户晓,他不仅留下了“悬梁刺股”的成语,六国封相的经历还很励志,但《苏秦还乡》却将之演成了喜剧,围绕苏秦两次还乡家人对他的态度,塑造了一个虽丑却善良智慧并古道热肠的苏秦之弟苏代的形象,让这个古老的故事不光励志,而且妙趣横生,其活泼清新的喜剧风格令人耳目一新。

浓郁的民间色彩是此戏的最大特点。苏秦是战国时期有名的政治家,但仕途坎坷。以往的剧作也多表现其悬梁刺股、刻苦攻读乃至谋得官职的过程。当然,其家人尤其是母亲的嫌贫爱富、兄嫂的势利眼也都表现得很生动。闽剧《苏秦还乡》也保留了这种批判精神,并且将全剧在苏家这个农民家庭中展开,将每个人都表现得活灵活现。如苏母,在怪苏秦不争气的同时,又迁怒于儿媳妇周氏,怪其怂恿丈夫求功名,讥讽其想当官太太穿凤冠霞帔。她对三个儿子分别对待,活脱脱一个恶婆婆的形象。但在苏秦当官后她似有愧意,并不像以往戏中所表现得那样前倨后恭,联想到维系一个大家庭的不易,观众似乎可以原谅这一老人的所作所为。在这个大家庭里,老大经商,老三务农,都比较实在,只有老二苏秦不安分,散尽银两却没谋到一官半职,难怪老太太要另眼看待。而且这老太太只是目光短浅,并非十恶不赦。而苏秦父又十分惧内,与其妻形成鲜明的对比,让人忍俊不禁。

喜剧色彩浓厚是此戏的另一特色,尤其是苏秦之弟苏代的塑造,可谓亦谐亦庄,满台生辉。在苏秦第一次求官不成还乡要投水之际,苏代先跳下了水,不谙水性的他反倒被苏秦所救。苏秦斥其寻死之后妻小如何过活?被苏代反问后方领悟到苏代的用意是劝阻自己不要干傻事。只识几个字的农夫却要为大学问家苏秦讲人生哲理,这本身即含有喜剧意蕴。再如大哥要分家,苏代机智地将名字错签,从而搅黄了大哥的分家计划。剧中最精彩的是苏代为苏秦二次求官而夜偷母亲银票的那场戏,尽管苏代一直安慰自己拿母亲的钱不算偷,但仍吓得两腿发抖,战战兢兢地摸黑上楼偷钱。在父亲的内应下,他顺利进了屋,却又惊险地从熟睡的母亲身上摘下钱柜的钥匙,其间还学猫叫,骗过惊醒了的母亲。丑角演员李燕发的表演生动细腻,夸张又不失真,引发了大家会心的笑声。

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