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纪录片:有工匠精神才有时代精品

2017-08-11 05:27:17   中国青年网

近年来,纪录片从业者的门槛在降低。手机、数码相机不断更新换代,拍摄出的视频与专业作品在影像质量上的差距越来越小;互联网时代的到来,人人都有当导演拍摄作品、并发布到具有海量存储功能的视频网站上去的机会。

但这并不代表创作者对作品质量的要求可以降低。当播出平台、拍摄技术等外在因素不再是难以破解的问题时,我们的注意力反而又回到了那个纪录片产业发展的核心课题——如何用工匠精神打造出思想性、艺术性俱佳的好作品。

随着影视产业进入“互联网+”时代的传媒格局,纪录片业开始面临前所未有的挑战。一方面,相较于被动接受的传统观众,可以主动选择的新媒体用户对文艺作品质量的关注远超以前。另一方面,从在网上播出的电视剧、综艺节目,到网络自制内容,相较于传统平台,我们在视频网站上面对的竞争对手数量更多,话题性更强,营销手段更高明,更易受资本青睐。相对冷门的纪录片唯有靠艺术品质说话,才能获得更多话语权和关注度。换句话说,想要把“互联网+”时代给纪录片业提供的更多美好可能变成现实,我们不仅要开拓思路、创新突破,更应担当责任、坚守使命,不贪多贪快,不好高骛远,不朝秦暮楚,一步一个脚印,踏踏实实,艰苦磨炼,以一种“衣带渐宽终不悔”的韧劲打磨作品。

中国有句老话叫“慢工出细活”,这种肯花时间、不怕费事的理念与盛行于国产纪录片精品创作领域的“工匠精神”不谋而合。《我在故宫修文物》的创作者“七年磨一剑”,花大量时间前期调研、提炼选题,写出了10万字的田野调查报告;《舌尖上的中国》的创作团队在确定了七大板块的结构之后,买来1995年至2011年间《中国国家地理》《华夏人文地理》等几乎所有关于人文地理的中文杂志,把每一页撕下,按七个主题重新组合,每个分集导演再从分到的素材中找出8到10个故事组织拍摄。

工匠精神不只表现在创作者的“慢性子”和“笨功夫”上,更体现在他们勇于深入生活、扎根人民的过程中。纪录片要想拍到真实自然的场景,唯一的秘诀就是沉潜下去、不辞辛苦、细心观察、耐心等待、用心记录。为了展现不同人物实现中国梦的过程,纪录片《追梦在路上》摄制组深入到各种条件艰苦的环境中进行拍摄,蚊虫叮咬、跌倒受伤,都是常事。为保持摄影机和被拍摄者在平行水平,使观众获得持平的观赏视角,摄制组还在寒气逼人、又湿又滑的山涧溪流中下水拍摄。《最后的棒棒》的创作者何苦为了表现“棒棒”这个特殊群体的真实生存状态、切身体会他们的所思所想,自己也当起了“棒棒”,揣着1300元钱“卧底”13个月,拍出了13集的纪录片。用他的话说,“心沉静下来,创作灵感就如同泉水一般自然喷涌而出”。

纪录片作为人类的生存之镜,必须肩负社会责任,担当时代良心,注重真实表达。越是在产业高速发展、市场日渐繁荣的时候,我们创作者越应该保持清醒、客观、全面的认知。那就是,前方没有捷径可走,唯有以工匠精神创作时代精品,才是纪录片业健康发展的不二法门。

(作者:李蕾)

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