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《中国戏曲大会》:戏曲更需要亲近
2017-08-11 05:28:12 中国青年网
【文艺观潮】
虽然很多人说戏曲在当代 “不景气”,但事实上,电视上的戏曲并不少。央视戏曲频道常常播出戏曲演出实况,许多地方电视台也开辟了一些戏迷票友演唱比赛,并且成为了名牌栏目,近期一些综艺节目中也增加了戏曲演唱比赛,甚至有四五岁的孩子在电视机前宣布自己长大了要做专业戏曲演员。荧屏上热闹的戏曲节目向观众展示:当代有很多人、包括青少年热爱戏曲。既然如此,可为什么生活中人们还是认为戏曲“不景气”?究竟什么才是“景气”,怎样才是让戏曲重新“景气”起来?自从参加中央电视台的《中国戏曲大会》策划以来,笔者考虑的最多的就是这些问题。
在丰富纷杂的社会生活中,任何艺术的、非艺术的文艺形式都有其爱好者,其中一些常常通过网络构成了一个个亚文化社群,在各种论坛、群组中结交知音,身处其中者并不觉得自己的爱好是小众的,而且社群人数的绝对数量也常常成千上万,堪称庞大。可是,把这个数字放到社会生活的大环境下,其小众性就被凸显了出来。
戏曲艺术同样如此。不论有多少戏迷票友存在,如果戏曲已脱离了大众生活的主体环境,其艺术表现、审美追求已经与大众、与时代相离甚远,它也就难免成为小众的艺术——无论戏迷的绝对人数有多大。所谓戏曲“景气”与否,本质不在于戏曲爱好者的绝对数量有多大,而在于戏曲艺术对大众生活的融合度、戏曲审美与大众审美的贴合度密切度有多高。
正因如此,电视等大众传媒仅仅展现戏曲最坚实的爱好者的状态是不够的。甚至于,越展现爱好者“超常”的痴迷,越容易把“戏迷”的整体形象塑造成自娱自乐的亚文化爱好者,不仅难以引起其他人的共鸣,反倒容易让人对戏曲“敬而远之”。真正要传播戏曲艺术,恰恰需要让戏曲放下身段,要让戏曲与大众的日常生活发生关联,是要把戏曲艺术放回到时代的背景下,让更多人了解它、参与它。因此,笔者认为,“可参与性”才是电视传播戏曲艺术、戏曲文化的关键。
由此观之,虽然比拼演唱能力的节目最受票友的欢迎,但这种节目最大的传播障碍恰恰就是“可参与性”较弱:对于不熟悉戏曲唱段的电视观众来说,不仅唱段本身是陌生的,唱段背后的故事背景、音乐旋律、演唱技巧等等一切都是陌生的。观众不仅不能参加比赛,就连品评优劣的能力都没有,因此,非戏迷的电视观众完全不能参与到这样的节目中来——不论是直观的外在参还是与基于审美内模仿的心理参与。观众无法与节目互动,节目也就失去了对观众的吸引力。
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