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可以实现地球上 任意两点的密钥共享
2017-08-11 04:54:42 中国青年网
中国科学院10日凌晨宣布,“墨子号”量子科学实验卫星用1年时间提前实现了既定2年完成的科学目标。从卫星到地面的量子密钥分发,以及从地面到卫星的量子隐形传态,是“墨子号”最新实现的科学目标。中国科学技术大学潘建伟、彭承志团队联合中科院上海技术物理研究所等单位完成上述重要成果,在线发表于国际权威学术期刊《自然》。
据了解,星地高速量子密钥分发实验采用卫星发射量子信号、地面接收的方式,“墨子号”量子卫星过境时,与河北兴隆地面光学站建立光链路,通信距离为645公里至1200公里。卫星上量子诱骗态光源平均每秒发送4000万个信号光子,一次过轨对接实验可生成300千比特(kbit)的安全密钥,平均成码率可达1.1千比特/秒(kbps)。
潘建伟介绍,这一成果为构建覆盖全球的量子保密通信网络奠定了可靠的技术基础。以星地量子密钥分发为基础,将卫星作为可信中继,可以实现地球上任意两点的密钥共享,将量子密钥分发范围扩展到覆盖全球。
《自然》审稿人表示,星地量子密钥分发成果是“本领域的一个里程碑”。
地星量子隐形传态实验采用地面发射纠缠光子、天上接收的方式,“墨子号”量子卫星过境时,与海拔5100米的西藏阿里地面站建立光链路。地面光源每秒产生8000个量子隐形传态事例,地面向卫星发射纠缠光子,实验通信距离为500公里至1400公里,所有6个待传送态均以大于99.7%的置信度超越经典极限。
潘建伟介绍,假设在同样长度的光纤中重复这一工作,需要3800亿年才能观测到1个事例。这一成果为未来开展空间尺度量子通信网络研究,以及空间量子物理学和量子引力实验检验等研究奠定了可靠的技术基础。据新华社
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