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去医院给孩子掏耳朵成“时尚”?医生:没必要

2017-08-10 13:33:22   中国青年网

暑假开始以来,南京市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉科每天有二三十例患儿都是来干同一件事儿——掏耳朵。有些家长把去医院掏耳朵当成一种“时尚”,孩子没病没痛也来掏一掏,真的有必要吗?

耵聍其实可以自行掉落

耵聍,俗称耳垢、耳屎,是外耳道软骨部皮肤的耵聍腺所分泌的淡黄色黏稠物。正常情况下,耵聍是可以通过咀嚼、张口等运动自行排出,并且对耳朵有一定的保护作用,因此,不建议家长经常给孩子掏耳朵。但有些孩子耵聍分泌物过多,在外耳道中结块,堵住了外耳道影响听力,导致OAE(耳声发射)和声导抗检查不合格。这就需要取出耵聍,重做听力筛查,提高准确率。或是因为某些耳部疾病,如中耳炎、外耳道炎等,需要进行耳部检查前,医生便会建议给孩子掏耳朵,清除耵聍后再行检查。

医生掏耳朵也会有风险

很多家长认为:“自己在家给孩子掏耳朵太危险了,万一把耳膜弄破听不见了怎么办,还是去医院掏吧。”其实,医院掏耳朵也不是万无一失的。

南京市儿童医院耳鼻咽喉科张建亚主治医师介绍:“一方面,有些结块的耵聍质地坚硬,取出时有可能会损伤耳膜、外耳道,引起出血,这种出血通常是断断续续的,部分患儿到第二天才开始出血。但家长不用太过紧张,外耳道出血无需用药,几天内即可自愈,不会影响到孩子的听力。如果耵聍特别硬,我们也会建议家长回家先给孩子滴几天麻油、开塞露,等耵聍软化后再来院清理……另一方面,人的外耳道皮肤中分布着迷走神经,这一神经向下延伸至颈部、胸部、腹部,与心肺相连。因此,掏耳朵触碰到迷走神经时会产生反射性迷走神经兴奋,引起咳嗽、打喷嚏等,敏感者甚至会引起心跳骤停、呼吸困难,危及生命。这种现象是人类正常的生理反应,医生也很难预测和避免。”

张建亚医生建议:“孩子偶尔觉得耳朵瘙痒是很正常的,不需要经常到医院掏耳朵。如果孩子觉得耳内闷气、堵胀,并伴有疼痛,有可能就是发炎了,尤其是夏天,孩子喜欢游泳玩水,一旦耳朵进水就很容易发炎。此时,家长一定要带孩子来院就医,不要让孩子擅自拿着棉签、小木棒等伸进耳道。”

张艾萱 吴叶青

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