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不堪重负?废旧家电处理行业的三缄其口

2017-08-08 16:34:03   中国经济网

原标题:不堪重负?废旧家电处理行业的三缄其口

2017年,对于生态环保的落实,从纸上谈兵回归到实际操作层面。从中央派出巡视组问责环保落实不利的官员到禁止“洋垃圾”进口,从高层讲话中的“三令五申”到市场层面的环保股逆市走高,生态文明建设与经济发展等量齐观的时代终于到来了。

借助这股东风,废旧电器电子回收处理行业迎来了一波“小阳春”,以A股上市公司格林美为例,在6、7月间,每股股价从5元上下增长至7.5元左右,涨幅接近50%。不过,与“高调”的股价相比,废旧电器电子处理企业的表现却是普遍的低调,媒体的聚光灯很难捕捉到他们的身影。

以收定支!收不抵支怎么办?

中国家用电器研究院电气循环技术研究所所长田晖介绍说,:“废旧电器电子回收处理产业就像钱钟书先生笔下的‘围城’,城外的人想进来,城里的人想出去。”循环经济、环保产业、城市矿山,“这个在‘垃圾堆’上生长起来的产业,似乎随处都是吸金的抓手,”但到目前为止,这个产业还需要政府的补贴,真正能够实现自主盈利的比较少,“高昂的回收成本,漫长的补贴拨付周期,让那些已经获得补贴资质的处理企业运行起来也步履艰难”,以2016年征收入补贴基金池的款项来看,大约在26.10亿元,仅够预期中4000万台处理量的拨付款;而2016年企业实际处理废弃电器电子产品达7500万台,实际需要拨付47.14亿元。庞大的资金缺口与基金制度一开始设立时确定的“以收定支,自我平衡”原则大差大离,补还是不补?怎么补?都是问题!

此外,即使2016年处理企业的年拆解量已达到7500万台,但实际上,109家处理企业的年处理能力可达1.5亿台,“也就是说,平均下来,大部分处理企业都是‘半饱’状态,这肯定不利于提升效率所需要的规模生产。”

那么,是否可以增加基金的收缴力度呢?

中国家用电器协会标准法规部主任万春晖指出,“要知道,废弃电器电子补贴基金的直接来源是家电生产企业。现在,我们的家电企业每生产一台冰箱、空调、洗衣机或彩电等产品,都要缴一份回收费用,这些费用自然要归入生产成本。”据悉,主营综合类家电的美的电器,一年缴纳的回收处理费就有3亿元,对于生产企业来讲是不小的压力。此外,近年来,进入报废高峰的很多是08、09年家电下乡、节能惠民时代的电器产品,数量基数庞大。而现在,进入供给侧改革通道的家电制造企业产量增速是放缓的,类似寅吃卯粮。“当然,还有不少生产企业认为,拆解企业在得到补贴的同时,从废旧电器电子中提炼的资源,应该成为他们盈利的主要来源——拆解企业不能只接受输血,不造血!”

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